مروری برگیاهان دارویی با تکیه بر خواص ضدمیکروبی

1. Abbasi, N., Azizi Jalilian, F., Abdi, M., Saifmanesh, M. (2007). A Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Extract and Selective Antibiotics Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pesudomonas aeroginosa. Journal of Medicinal Plants 6(S3): 10-18. (In Persian)
2. Abolfathi, E., Mozafari, N.A., Ghaemi, E. 2010. National Conference on Medicinal Plants. Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extracts of five species of medicinal plants on five gram-positive and gram-negative microbial strains. (In Persian)
3. Adhorjan, B. and Bbuchbauer, G. (2010). Biological properties of essential oil: an uptaded review. Flavour and Fragrance 25: 407-426.
4. Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Shahidi, F., Mohebbi, M., Zanganeh, H. (2014). Investigation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Avicennia Marina Extracts on Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria “in Vitro”. Sadra medical sciences journal 2(2): 123-134. (In Persian)
5. Andreja, H., Majda, H., Zeljko, K. and Davorin, B. (2000). Comparison of antioxidative and synergistic effects of rosemary extract with α - tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate and citric acid in sunflower oil. Food chemistry 71(2): 233-229.
6. Angioni, A., Barra, A., Coroneo, V., Dessi, S., Cabras, P. (2006). Chemical composition, seasonal variability and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers. Food Chemistry 54: 4364-4370.
7. Appendini, P., Hotchkiss, J.H. (2002). Review of Antimicrobial Food Packaging. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 3(2): 113-126. 
8. Ardeshiry Lajimi, A., Rezaie Tavirani, M., Ahmadi, S.S., Entezari, M., Mahdavi, S.M. (2013). Study of antimicrobial activity of Scrophularia striata boiss. Medical Sciences 23(3): 190-195. (In Persian)
9. Avijgan, M., Saadat, M., Nilforoosh-Zadeh, M.A. and Hafizi, M. (2006). Anti-fungal effect of Echinophora platyloba extract on some common dermatophytes. Journal of Medicinal Plants 5(18): 10-16.
10. Azaz, D., Demirci, F., Kurkcuoglu, M. and Baser, K.H. (2002). Antimicrobial Activity of some Satureja Essential oils. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C 57: 817-821.
11. Bagamboula, C.F., Uyttendaele, M., Debevere, J. (2004). Inhibitory effect of thyme and basil essential oils, carvacrol, thymol, estragol, linalool and p-cymene towards Shigella sonnei and S.flexneri. Food Microbiology 21: 33-42.
12. Borris, R.P. (1996). Natural products research: perspectives from a major Pharmaceutical company. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 51: 29-38.
13.   Bent, S. (2008). Herbal Medicine in the United States: Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Regulation. Journal of General Internal Medicine 23: 854–859.
14. Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: A review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94(3): 223-53.
15. Chahardoli, A. 2016. The effect of anise extract and essential oil on two types of pathogenic bacteria and rumen fermentation process in squirrel sheep. DVM thesis. Razi University. Kermanshah, Iran.
16. Chahaardoli, A., Nooriyan Soroor, M.E. and Foroughi, A. (2018). The Effects of Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Essential Oil and Extract on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Protozoa Population of Sheep. International Journal of Veterinary Science 7(1): 21-27.
17. Chalabian, F., Norouzi Arasi, H., Moosavi, S. (2003). A study of growth inhibitory effect of essential oils of seven species from different families on some kinds of microbes. Journal of Medicinal Plants 2(7): 37-42. (In Persian)
18. Chao, S.C., Young, D.G. and Oberg, C.J. (2000). Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. Journal of essential oil research 12: 1914-1920.
19. Clark, A.M. (1996). Nutural products as a resource from new drugs. Pharmacological Research 13: 1133-1144.
20. Corns, C.M. (2004). Herbal remedies and clinical biochemistry. Human Psychpharmacology 19: 235-241.
21. Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agent. Clinical Microbiology Review 12: 564-582.
22. Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308–316.
23. Dupont, B.F., Dromer, F. and Improvisi, L. (1996). The problem of resistance to azoles in Candida. Journal of Medical Mycology 6:12-19.
24. Elgayyar, M., Draughon, F.A., Golden, D.A. and Mount, J.R. (2001). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils fromplants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms.  Journal of Food Protection 64: 1019–1024.
25. Enan, E. (2001). Insecticidal activity of essential oils: octopaminergic sites of action. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology 130: 325–337.
26. FDA (2004). Food and Drug Administration of the US, 21 CFR 184. Online Available online at Http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/eafus.html.
27. Fong, H.H. (2000). Integration of herbal medicine into modern medical practices issues and prospects. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biologica Research 33: 179-89.
28. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Tahvilian, R., Zangeneh, M.M., Zangeneh, A. and Moradi, R. (2016). Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effects of the Viola Odorata Linn Oil's. International Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 2(12): 1093-1097.
29. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Najafi, F., Zangeneh, A., Zangeneh, M.M. and Moradi, R. (2016). Antibacterial Effect and Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oil of Pimpinella anisum Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 7(6): 367-371.
30. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Najafi, F., Zangeneh, A., Zangeneh, M.M. and Moradi, R. (2016). Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 8(1): 13-17.
31. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Najafi, F., Zangeneh, A., Zangeneh, M.M. and Moradi, R. (2016). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Pimpinella anisem's Essential Oil. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(11): 1886-1890.
32. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Najafi, F., Zangeneh, M.M., Zangeneh, A. and Moradi, R. (2016). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties of Chenopodium botrys L. Essential Oil. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 8(11): 1881-1885.
33. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Tahvilian, R., Zangeneh, M.M., Zangeneh, A. and Moradi, R. (2016). Ethnomedicinal Plants: Study on the Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Oil's. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 8(11): 1528-1532.
34. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Zhaleh, M., Zangeneh, A., Zangeneh, M.M. and Moradi, R. (2016). Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 8(11): 1505-1509. 
35. Foroughi, A., Pournaghi, P., Tahvilian, R., Zangeneh, M.M., Zangeneh, A. and Moradi, R. (2016). Assessment of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effects of Anethole-Rich Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pimpinella anisum. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 8(11): 1459-1463.
36. Gershenzon, J. and Croteau, R. (1991). Terpenoids. In Herbivores: Their intraction with secondry plant metabolites, Rosenthal, G.A. and M.R. Berenbaum (Eds.). Vol. 1, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. pp: 165-219.
37. Ghassemi Dehkordi, N., Sajjadi, S.E., Ghannadi, A., Amanzadeh, Y., Azadbakht, M., Asghari, G.R., Amin, G.R., Hajiakhoondi, A., Taleb A.M. (2003). Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP). Hakim 6(3): 63-69. (In Persain)
38. Gholami, A., Arabestani, M., Ahmadi, M. (2016). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium Jesdianum plant on a number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Pajouhan Scientific Journal 14(4): 18-26. (In Persain)
39. Hadacek, F., Greger, H. (2000). Testing of antifungal natural products: methodologies, comparability of results and assay of choice. Phytochemical analysis 11: 137-47.
40. Helander, I.M., Alakomi, H.L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, T., Pol, I., Smid, E. J., Gorris, L.G.M. and Von Wright, A. (1998). Characterization of the action of selected essential oil components on gram-negative bacteria. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46: 3590–3595.
41. Investigating the international, national and provincial status of medicinal plants. Khorasan Razavi Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines and Agriculture. Available online at https://www.mccima.com/files/keshavarzi/reports/herbs.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2021.  
42. Izadi, Z., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M., Sorooshzadeh, A, Esna-Ashari, M., Davoodi, P. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and feverfew  (Tanacetum parthenium L.). Armaghane-danesh 18(1): 31-43. (In Persain)
43. Jaberian, H., Piri, Kh. and Nazari, Javad. (2013). Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plants. Food chemistry 136: 237-244.
44. Jalali, M., Abedi, D., Asghari, G., Rezaie, Z. (2007). A Study of Anti-Microbial Effect of Pycnocycla Spinosa's Fruit Extracts. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science 17(59): 76-86. (In Persain)
45. Jalali, M., Abedi, D., Ghasemi Dehkordi, N., Charmahali, A. (2006). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of some medicinal plants against Listeria monocytogenes. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Science 8(3): 25-33. (In Persian)
46. Jamshidi-Kia, F., Lorigooini1, Z., Amini-Khoei, H. (2018). Medicinal plants: Past history and future perspective. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 7(1): 1-7. (In Persian)
47. Kokoska, L., Polesny, Z., Rada, V., Nepovim, A. and Vanek, T. (2002). Screening of some Siberian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 82(1): 51-53.
48. Kukic, J., Popovic, V., Petrovic, S., Mucaji, P., Ciric, A., Stojkovic, D. and Sokovic., M. (2008). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cynara cardunculus extracts. Food Chemistry. 107: 861-868.
49. Langfield, R.D., Scarano, F.J., Heitzman, M.E., Kondo, M., Hammond, G.B. and Neto, C.C. (2004). Use of a modified microplate bioassay method to investigate antibacterial activity in the Peruvian medicinal plant Peperomia galiodes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 94(2-3): 279-281.
50. List of licensed natural / herbal products. General Directorate of Natural, Traditional and Complementary Products Department of Natural Products. Available online at: https://www.fda.gov.ir/fa/.    
51. Manabe, A., Nakayama, S. and Sakamoto, K. (1987). Effects of essential oils on erythrocytes and hepatocytes from rats and dipalitoyl phophatidylcholine-liposomes. Pharmacology 44: 77-84.
52. Mashreghi, M., and Momtazi, F. (2012). Comparison of the Antibacterial Effects of Various Concentrations of Alcoholic Extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Hypericum perforatum and Carthamus tinctorius on the Growth Phases of Esherichia coli O157. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 11(2): 103-114. (In Persian)
53. Masoudi, S.H., Ameri, N., Rustaiyan, A., Moradalizadeh, M. and Azar, P. (2005). Volatail constituents of three ambeliferae Herbs: Azilia eryngioedes, Laser trilobum and Falcaria falcariodes Growing Wild in Iran. Journal of Essential oil Research 124-130. 
54. Masoumipour, F., Hassanshahian, M., Sasan, H., Jafarinasab, T. (2019). Antimicrobial Effect of Combined Extract of Three Plants Camellia Sinensis, Teucrium Polium and Piper Nigrum on Antibiotic Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 13(2): 114-124. (In Persian)
55. Mcsweeney, C., Palmer, B., Bunch, R. and Krause, D. (2001). Effect of the tropical forage calliandra on microbial protein synthesis and ecology in the rumen. Journal of Applied Microbiology 90: 78–88.
56. McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A. and Newbold, C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 5011–5014.
57. Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeidi, M., Mahdavi, MR., Rahimi, F. (2007). Investigation and comparison of antimicrobial effect of methanolic extracts of several species Plant of the genus Stachys and Phlomis. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 17(57): 57-66. (In Persian)
58. Mousavi, F., Shirzadi Karamolah, K., Mahmoudi, H. (2019). Antimicrobial Effect of Extracts of Daphne Oleoides on Bacteria Isolated from Dental Plaque. Journal of Mashhad Dentistry School 43(4): 387-400. (In Persain)
59. Nazer, A., Kobilinsky, A., Tholozan, J. L. and Dubois- Brissonnet, F. (2005). Combinations of food antimicrobials at low levels to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium: A synergistic effect. Food Microbiology 22: 391-398.
60. Ncube, N.S., Afolayan, A.J. and Okoh, A.I. (2008). Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(12): 1797-1806.
61. Newbold, C.J., Mcintosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R. and Wallace, R.J. (2004). Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 114: 105–112.
62. Pauli, A. (2006). Anticandidal low molecular compounds from higher plants with special reference to compounds from essential oils. Medicinal Research Reviews 26: 223-268.
63. Piacente, S., Pizza, C. and Oleszek, W. (2005). Saponins and phenolics of Yucca schidigeraRoezl: Chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochemistry Review 4:177–190.
64. Production statistics of Iranian medicinal and aromatic plants in 1396. Available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329465650. Accessed 25 April 2021.  
65. Rahimi, S. 2014. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Falcaria vulgaris extract on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. DVM thesis. Razi University. Kermanshah, Iran.
66. Rezae, A. (2017). A Survey on the Situation of Traditional Iranian Medicine and its History in Iranian Herbal Research. Medical History Journal 9(32): 71-84. (In Persain)
67. Salimpour, F., Mazooji, A., Mazhar, F., Barzin, G. (2014). Comparative study of antibacterial properties of four species of Salvia L. as a medicinal plant. Research in Medicine. 37(4): 205-210. (In Persain)
68. Samsam Shariat, H., Moattar, F. 1990. Herbs and natural medicines (medical content). Vol 3. 1th press. Mehrban, Tehran.
69. Shahidi, B. (2004). Evaluation of antibacterialproperties of some medicinal plants used in Iran. Jounal of Ethnopharmacology 94: 301 – 305.
70. Skandamis, P.N., Nychas, G.J.E. (2000). Development and evaluationof a model predicting the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 in homemade eggplant salad at various temperatures, pH and oregano essential oil concentrations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66: 1646–1653.
71. Stoilova, A., Krastano, A., Dtoyanova, P., Senev, P., Farfova, S. (2007). Antioxidant activity of ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale). Food Chemistry 102(3): 764-770.
72. Talei, G.r., Meshkat Alsadat, M. and Delfan, B. (2004). Antibacterial activity of fruit, leaves extracts of artemisia persica boiss, rhus coriaria, ephedra intermedia and daphne mucronata royle of lorestan. Journal Lorestan University of Medical Science 5(3):19-54.
73. Tassou, C., Drosinos, E.H. and Nychas, G.J.E. (1995). Effects of essentialoil from mint (Mentha piperita) on Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes in model food systems at 4˚C and 10˚C. Applied Bacteriology 78: 593-600.
74. Trombetta, D., Castelli, F., Sarpietro, M.G., Venuti, V., Cristani, M. and Daniele, D. (2005). Mechanisms of antibacterial action of three monoterpenes. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49: 2474–2478.
75. Ultee, M.H., Bennik, J. and Moezelaar, R. (2002). The Phenolic Hydroxyl Group of   arvacrol Is Essential for Action against the Food-Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(4): 1561–1568.
76. Ultee, R., Slump, A. and  Steging, G.E. and Smid, J. (2000). Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol toward Bacillus cereus on rice. Journal of Food Protection 63(5): 620-624.
77. Valnet, J. (2002). Phytotherapy, treatment of disease by plants. Translated to Persian by: Emami, A., Shams-Ardekani, M.R., Nekoei-naeini, N. Tehran: Rahe-kamal Publication. 358-61.
78. -Yong Tan, S., Tatsumura, Y. (2015).Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of penicillin. Singapore medical journal 56(7): 366-367.
79. Zargari, A. 2011. Herbal Medicines. Vol 5. 1th press. University of Tehran Press, Tehran.