اثر متقابل سمیت آفلاتوکسین ب 1 و زیرالنون بر ایمنی سلولی و هومورال ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 فار‌التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد تکثیر و پرورش آبزیان، گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران،

3 استادیارگروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

4 استادیارگروه شیلات، پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

5 دانشیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

مواد غذایی در معرض طیف گسترده‌ای از آلودگی‌های مایکوتوکسینی مانند آفلاتوکسین ‌ب 1 و زیرالنون ‌هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی همزمان آثار سموم آفلاتوکسین‌ ب 1 و زیرالنون انجام گرفت. به این منظور 540 قطعه بچه‌ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین-کمان (2/0±0/3گرم) در قالب 9 تیمار متشکل از 3 سطح آفلاتوکسین‌ ب 1 (0، 25 و ppb50) و 3 سطح زیرالنون (0، 200 و ppb 400) به مدت 30 روز پرورش یافتند. تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز و سفید و همچنین برخی فراسنجه‌های ایمنولوژیکی از جمله سطح فعالیت لیزوزیم سرم،پادتن، تکثیر لنفوسیت، مسیر فرعی کمپلمان و قدرت فاگوسیتوزی سلول‌های فاگوسیتیک خون‌محیطی (تست برداشت NR)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که سطح فعالیت لیزوزیم، پادتن و تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز و سفید تحت تاثیر سموم قارچی موجود در جیره‌های آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0 < p)، اما شاخص مسیر فرعی کمپلمان دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار بوده (05/0 ≥p)، به‌طوری که تنها تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آفلاتوکسین ‌ب 1 قرار گرفت و کم‌ترین میزان آن در تیمار حاوی ppb50 و بیش‌ترین مقدار آن‌ در تیمار شاهد (بدون سم) مشاهده گردید. شاخص‌های تکثیر لنفوسیت و تست برداشت NR نشان دادند که سموم آفلاتوکسین ‌ب 1 و زیرالنون به‌صورت هم‌افزایی بر سیستم ایمنی ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان تاثیرگذار بوده‌است (05/0 ≥p)، به‌طوری که کم‌ترین میزان آن‌ها نسبت به تیمار شاهد، به ترتیب در تیمار ppb 50 آفلاتوکسین ‌ب 1 و تیمار حاوی ppb 50 آفلاتوکسین‌ ب 1 - ppb 200 زیرالنون مشاهده گردید. وجود همزمان سموم آفلاتوکسین‌ ب 1 و زیرالنون در جیره غذایی از طریق اثر هم‌افزایی موجب تضعیف سیستم ایمنی ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Interactive toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone on cellular and humoral immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Salimi 1
  • K. Sarvi Moghanlou 2
  • M. Abtahi Froushani 3
  • F. Noori 4
  • A. Imani 5
1 MSc Graduate of Fisheries Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, I.R. of Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, I.R. of Iran.
3 S.M., Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, I.R. of Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Urmia Lake Research Institute, Urmia University, I.R. of Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, I.R. of Iran.
چکیده [English]

Feeds are widely exposed to various mycotoxin contaminations including aflatoxin and zearalenone. The present study was designed to investigate the simultaneous toxic effects of aflatoxin and zearalenone. To this end, 540 rainbow trout fingerlings (3.0 ± 0.2 g) were randomly allotted to nine different experimental groups composed of three different dietary aflatoxin (0, 25 and 50 ppb) and zearalenone (0, 200 and 400 ppb) levels. The experiment lasted 30 days. Red and white blood cell counts along with some immunological indices including serum lysozyme activity, antibody, lymphocyte proliferation, complementary pathway and phagocytic intensity of peripheral blood phagocytic cells (NR assay) were investigated. Results showed that lysozyme activity, serum antibody content, red and white blood cell counts were not significantly affected by dietary mycotoxin contamination (p>0.05). However, the complementary pathway was significantly affected by dietary aflatoxin B1 content (p<0.05) and the lowest and highest activity was observed in those fish received 50 ppb and diet lacking aflatoxin contamination, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone interactively affected lymphocyte proliferation and NR indices (p≤ 0.05) with the lowest and highest activities were recorded in those fish fed diet containing 50 ppb aflatoxin devoid of zearalenone and diet containing 50 ppb aflatoxin and 200 ppb zearalenone, respectively. It is conceivable that simultaneous dietary contamination of aflatoxin and zearalenone attenuates immune system functioning of rainbow trout.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aflatoxin B1
  • Zearalenone
  • Immune indices
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss
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