اثرات برنامه‌های نوری بر سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی

شناسنامه علمی شماره

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گرایش فیزیولوژی گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

با هدف بررسی تأثیر برنامه‌های نوری مختلف بر عملکرد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی، 288 قطعه جوجه نر هفت روزه راس 308 به سه گروه 96 تایی با هشت تکرار (با میانگین وزن مساوی) تقسیم شدند وجوجه‌های هر گروه به طور تصادفی در سالنی مجزا درپنهای 12 تایی قرار گرفتند، ازروزهشتمتا 35 روزگی پرندگان سالن یک، با یک ساعت خاموشی(CL)، سالن دو، با شش ساعت خاموشی مداوم (EL) ، سالن سه، با ده ساعت خاموشی داوم (FL) پرورش داده شدند. در تمام سالن‌ها، به جز برنامه نوری تمام شرایط مدیریتی یکسان بود و تمام گروه‌ها درطول دوره پرورش، با خوراک آماده به شکل پلت تغذیه شدند. در طول دوره آزمایش، مقدار خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریبت بدیل خوراک، اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه گردید. با هدف مطالعه تأثیر خاموشی برروی سیستم ایمنی پرنده، در روز 35 پرورش با خونگیری از ورید بال و جداسازی سرم، مقادیر ایمنوگلوبولین تام، کمپلمان تام، پروتئین تام و آلبومین تام سرم برآورد گردید. با آنالیز نتایج حاصله تفاوت معنی‌داری در مقدار خوراک مصرفی و افزایش وزن بدن پرندگان تیمارهای مختلف در دوره 7 تا 42 روزگی مشاهده نشد (P>0/05) . ضریب تبدیل خوراک پرندگانFL کمتر از پرندگانCL بود (0/05≤P). افزایش قابل توجهی در مقادیر ایمنوگلوبولین تام، کمپلمان تام و پروتئین تام سرم تیمار ده ساعت خاموشی نسبت به گروه شاهد حاصل شد (0/05≤P). نتیجه‌گیری کلی اینکه استفاده از خاموشی بلند مدت در پرورش جوجه‌های گوشتی در این مطالعه نه تنها موجب کاهش مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن پرنده نشد بلکه در کنار بهبود ضریب تبدیل خوراک، سیستم ایمنی ذاتی و هومورال بدن پرنده را نیز تقویت نمود.

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of lighting programs on immune system and performance of broiler chickens

نویسندگان [English]

  • H Hosseini Fahreji 1
  • R Najafi 2
1 Master of Science Student of Physiology, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University
2 Scintific Staff of Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three lighting programs on immune system and performance of broiler chickens. A total of 288 seven day-old male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were randomly distributed between three treatments. Each group was housed in the separated room with eight pen and 12-birds per pen. The management conditions were similar for all treatments throughout the experimental period except lighting programs which were provided as follow: 1) 23 h light (L): 1 h dark (23L:1D), 2) 18 h L: 6 h D (18L:6D) and 3) 14 h L: 10 h D (14L:10D). During the experimental period, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of 5th-week, two birds from each pen with average weight of pen were selected for determining titer of total immunoglobulin, total complement, total albumin and total protein factors. Results did not show any differences between the experimental treatments in feed intake and body weight gain (p>0.05) but FCR was improved in 14L:10D treatment in compare with 23L:1D group (p<0.05). The amount of total immunoglobulin, total protein and total complement factors, were increased in 14L:10D treatment compared to 23L:1D group (p<0.05). It is concluded that long darkness improved feed conversion ratio, innate and humeral immune system responses of birds, however, did not have any negative effect on feed intake and body weight gain.

1-Apeldoorn, E. J., Schrama, J. W., Mashaly, M. M. and Parmentier, H. K. (1999) Effect of melatonin and lighting schedule on energy metabolism in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 78: 223-229.##
2-Bayram, A. and Özkan, S. (2010) Effects of a 16-hour light, 8-hour dark lighting schedule on behavioral traits and performance in male broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 19: 263–273.##
3-Beker, A., Vanhooser, S.L. and Teeter, R.G. (2003) Lighting effects on broiler feed conversion and metabolic factors associated with energetic efficiency. Cobb–Vantress publication, available at:www.cobb-vantress.com ##
4-Brennan, C. P., Hendricks, G. L., El-Sheikh, T. M. and Mashaly, M. M. (2002) Melatonin and the enhancement of immune responses in immature male chickens. Poultry Science. 81: 371–375.##
5-Brickett, K. E., Dahiya, J. P., Classen, H. L. and Gomis, S. (2007) Influence of dietary nutrient density, feed form, and lighting on growth and meat yield of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 86: 2172-2181.##
6-Buckland, R. B., Hill, A. T. and Bernon, D. E. (1973) Effects of four lighting regimes on the performance of broilers and roasters. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 53:21-24. ##
7-Classen, H. L. and Riddel, C. L. (1989) Photoperiodic effects on performance and leg abnormalities in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 68: 873–879.##
8-Classen, H. L., Annett, C. B., Schwean-Lardner, K. V., Gonda, R. and Derow, D. (2004) The effects of lighting programs with twelve hours darkness per day provided in one, six or twelve hour intervals on the productivity and health of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. Supplement 45: S31-32.##
9- Davis, J., Thomas, P.B. and Siopes, T.D. (1997) More evidence for light-dark growing. Broiler Industry, February: 31-32.##
10-Duncan, D. B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F-test. Biometrics. 11:1–42.##
11-Gordon, S. H. (1994) Effects of day-length and increasing day length programs on broiler welfare and performance. World’s journal of Poultry Science. 50: 269-282##
12-Ingram, D. R., Hatten, L. F. and McPherson, B. N. (2000) Effects of light restriction on broiler performance and specific body structure measurements. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 9: 501–504.##
13-Jolanta, B. Z., Berezinska, M., Lorenc, A., J. Skene, D. And Jerzy, Z. N. (2004) Retinal illumination phase shifts the circadian rhythm of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in the chicken pineal gland. Neuroscience Letter. 360: 153–156.##
14-Karaca, T., H. Ari, H., Yoruk, M. and Cinaroglu, S. (2010) Effects of photoperiod on number of mast cell in lymphoid organs of the japanese quail. Journal of Animal Veterinary Advance, 9: 751-755.##
15-Ketelaars, E.H., Verbrugge, M., Van der Hel, M., Van de Linden, J.M. and Verstegen, W. M. A. (1986) Effect of intermittent lighting on performance and energy metabolism of broilers. Poultry Science. 65: 2208-2213. ##
16-Kliger, C. A., Gehad, A. E., Hulet, R. M., Roush, W. B., Lillehoj, H. S. and Mashaly, M. M. (2000) Effects of photoperiod and melatonin on lymphocyte activities in male broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 79: 18–25.##
17-Lardner, S. and Classen, H. L. (2010) Lighting for broilers. Available at: www.aviagen.com    
18-Lewis, P. D., Danisman, R. and Gous, R. M. (2009) Photoperiodic responses of broilers: I. Growth, feeding behaviour, breast yield, and testicular growth. British Poultry Science. 50: 657-666.##
19-Maestroni, G. J. (2001) The immunotherapeutic potential of melatonin. Expert Opinion Investigational Drugs. 10: 467–476.##
20-Makram, A. G., Fathi, M. M. and El-Attar, A. H. (2010) Carcass characteristics and immunocompetence parameters of four commercial broiler strain chickens under summer season of Egypt.  International Journal of Poultry Science. 9: 171-176.##
21-Moore, C. B. and Siopes, T. D. (2000) Effects of lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation on the cellular and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail. General and comparative endocrinology. 119: 95–104.##
22-Nelson, R. J., and G. E. Demas, 1996. Seasonal changes in immune function. The Quarterly Review of Biology.71:511–548##
23-Olanrewaju, H. A., Thaxton, J. P., Dozier, W. A., Purswell, J., Roush, W. B. and Branton, S. L. (2006) A review of lighting programs for broiler production. International Journal of Poultry Science. 5(4): 301-308.##
24-Panigrahi, A., Kiron,V., Puangkaew, J., Kobayashi, T., Satoch, S. and Sugita H. (2005) The viability of probiotic bacteria as a factor influencing the immune response in rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 243: 241-254.##
25-Rodriguez, A. B. and Lea, R. W. (1994) Effect of pinealectomy upon the nonspecific immune response of the ring-dove Streptopelia risoria. Journal of Pineal Research. 16: 159–166.##
26-SAS Institute, 2008. SAS proprietary software release 9.2. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.##
27-Savory, C.J. (1976) Broiler growth and feeding behaviour in three different lighting regimes. British Poultry Science. 17: 557-560.##
28-Skwarlo-Sonta, K. (1999) Reciprocal interdependence between pineal gland and avian immune system. Neuroendocrinology Letter. 20: 151–156.##