مطالعه اثر فصول بهار و تابستان، سن مرغ مادر و وزن تخم‌مرغ‌ بر صفات جوجه‌درآوری و کیفیت جوجه در گله‌های مادر گوشتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسنده

دانشیار بیماریهای طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی مشگین شهر، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر فصول بهار و تابستان، سن گله مرغ مادر و وزن تخم‌مرغ نطفه‌دار بر صفات جوجه‌درآوری و کیفیت جوجه بود. بدین منظور، تعداد 1796863 تخم‌مرغ نطفه‌دار با قابلیت جوجه‌درآوری متعلق به سه مزرعه پرورش گله مرغ مادر گوشتی سویه راس 308 در کارخانه جوجه‌کشی طی شش ماه نخست سال 95 به دقت مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پس از پایان دوره انکوباسیون تخم‌مرغ‌‌های جوجه‌درآوری شده‌ مزارع ثبت و جوجه‌‌های هچ شده درجه‌بندی و وزن‌کشی شدند. دامنه سنی گله‌های مرغ مادر در 9 گروه و وزن تخم‌مرغ‌ها در 5 گروه تقسیم‌بندی گردید. داده‌ها در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با روشGLM (SAS 9.1)1 و آزمون Duncan مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. اثر شش ماهه اول سال و دو فصول بهار و تابستان بر میانگین درصد باروری، میانگین درصد جوجه‌درآوری کل، میانگین درصد جوجه‌درآوری تخم‌مرغ‌های نطفه‌دار و میانگین درصد جوجه‌های غیر‌قابل‌فروش معنی‌دار بود (05/٠>p)، به‌طوری‌که در شهریور ماه و تابستان کمترین فراوانی این پارامترها مشاهده شد. اثر شش ماهه نخست سال بر میانگین وزن تخم‌مرغ، میانگین وزن جوجه و میانگین درصد وزن نسبی جوجه معنی‌داری نبود، اما فراوانی این پارامترها در دو فصول بهار و تابستان اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری داشتند. با افزایش سن گله مرغ مادر میانگین درصد باروری، میانگین درصد جوجه‌درآوری کل، میانگین درصد جوجه‌درآوری تخم‌مرغ‌های نطفه‌دار به‌طور معنی‌دار کاهش یافت (05/٠>p)، درحالی‌که میانگین وزن تخم‌مرغ، میانگین وزن جوجه و میانگین درصد وزن نسبی جوجه افزایش پیدا کرد. به‌طوری‌که کمترین فراوانی درصد باروری، درصد جوجه‌درآوری کل، درصد جوجه‌درآوری تخم‌مرغ‌های نطفه‌دار در مرغان سنین بالای 60 هفته و تخم‌مرغ‌های با وزن بیش از 69 گرم مشاهده گردید. اثر سن گله مرغ مادر و وزن تخم‌مرغ نطفه‌دار بر فراوانی جوجه‌های غیر‌ قابل‌فروش معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که صفات جوجه‌درآوری در فصل تابستان و با افزایش سن گله مرغ مادر و وزن تخم‌مرغ، کاهش می‌یابد و در مقابل کیفیت جوجه افزایش پیدا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Study Of The Effects Of Spring And Summer Seasons, Broiler Breeder Age And Egg Weight On Hatchability Traits And Chick Quality Of Broiler Breeder Flocks

نویسنده [English]

  • Aidin Azizpour
Associate Professor of Poulry Diseases, Meshginshahr Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spring and summer seasons, broiler breeder age and egg weight on hatchability traits and chick quality. For this purpose, 1796863 fertile eggs with hatchability from three broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308) were thoroughly inspected in hatchery from March to September 2016. After the incubation period, the hatched eggs of farms were recorded and the hatching chicks were graded and weighed. The age range of broiler breeder flocks in 9 groups and egg weight were classified into 5 groups. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with GLM (SAS 9.1) and Duncan test. The effects of six -months period and spring and summer seasons were significant (p<0.05) on average percentage of fertility, average percentage of hatchability of set eggs, average percentage of hatchability of fertility eggs and average percentage of non-salable chicks, so that in september and summer were observed the lowest frequency of these parameters. the effects of the six-months period on average percentage of egg weight, average percentage of chicken weight and average percentage of relative weight of chick were not significant, but these parameters were statistically significant in the two seasons of spring and summer. Average percentage of fertility, average percentage of hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertility eggs decreased significantly (p<0.05) in step with increase in the flock age, whereas average percentage of egg weight, average percentage of chicken weight and average percentage of relative weight of chickens increased. Therefore, the lowest frequency of fertility, hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertility eggs were recorded in broiler chickens over the age of 60 weeks and eggs weighing more than 69 gr. The effect breeder flock age and fertile egg weight on the frequency of non-salable chicks were not significant. The results of this study showed that hatchability traits decrease and chick quality increase in summer as the breeder flock age and egg weight increases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler breeder age
  • Chick quality
  • Egg weight
  • Hatchability traits
  • Season
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