1- تاج بخش، ح، (1374) ایمنی شناسی بنیادی .چاپ ششم. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران، 680 صفحه. ##
2- کیوانفر، ه، کریمی، ن، (مترجمین)،(1376) ویروس شناسی دامپزشکی (بخش بیماری ها)، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران، 455 صفحه. ##
3- Agresti, A., Ponti, W., Rocchi, M., Meneveri, R., Maozzi, A., Cavallri, D., Peri, E., Polli, G. and Ginelli, E. (1993) Use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnosis bovine leukemia virus infection in calves at birth. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54: 373-378 ##
4- Barrie, K., Perez, E., Lamers, S., Farmerie, W., Dunn, B., Sleasman, J. and Goodenow, M. (1996) Natural variation in HIV-1 protease, Gag p7 and p6, and protease cleavage sites within gag/pol polyproteins: amino acid substitutions in the absence of protease inhibitors in mothers and children infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 219: 407-416##
5- Bazargani, T. T., Barin, A. and Hadadzadeh, H. (1987) A survey on frequency of infection to the virus of enzootic bovine leucosis in dairies around Tehran. XXIII Veterinary world congress . 169##
6- Bicka, L., Kuzmak, J., Kozaczynska, B., Plucienniczak, A. and Skorupska, A. (2001) Expression of bovine leukemia virus protein p24 in Escherichia coli and its use in the immunoblotting assay. Acta. Biochim. Pol. 48: 227-232##
7- Blood, D. C. and Radostits, O. M., (2002) Veterinary Medicine. Bailliere .Tindall. London. pp.1046-1058.##
8- Bunger , I., Khalaf, H. and M. Rimpler, (1996) Examination of antigen preparations from the virus of enzootic bovine leukosis with regard to suitability for immunoblotting. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 103: 516-519.##
9- Burny, A., Cleuter, Y., Kettmann, R., Mammerickx, M., Marbaix, G., Portetelle, D., van den Broeke, A., Willems, L. and Thomas, R. (1988) Bovine leukaemia. facts and hypotheses derived from the study of an infectious cancer. Vet Microbiol. 17: 197-218. ##
10- Choi, K., Liu, R. and Buehring, G. (2002) Relative sensitivity and specificity of agar gel immunodiffusion, enzyme immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting for detection of anti-bovine leukemia virus antibodies in cattle. J. Virol. Methods. 104: 33-39.##
11- Deshayes, L., Levy, D., Parodi, A. and Levy, J. (1977) Proteins of bovine leukemia virus. I. Characterization and reactions with natural antibodies. J. Virol. 21: 1056-1060.##
12- Fechner, H., Kurg, A., Geue, L., Blankenstein, P., Mewes, G., Ebner, D. and Beier, D. (1996) Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application in diagnosis of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection in naturally infected cattle. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 43:621-630.##
13- Gonzalez, E., Oliva, G., Norimine, J., Cid de la Paz, V. and Echeverr, M. (1998) Evaluation of western blotting for the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukemia. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia. 51: 299-305.##
14- Gutierrez, S. E, Dolcini, G. L., Arroyo, G. H., Rodriguez, D. C., Ferrer, J. F.,and Esteban, E. N. (2001) Development and evaluation of a highlt sensitive and specific blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus infection in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res.62:1571-1577##
15- Kittelberger, R., Reichel, M., Meynell, R., Tham, K. and Molloy, J. (1999) Detection of antibodies against the core protein p24 of the bovine leukaemia virus in cattle for confirmatory serological testing. J. Virol. Methods. 77: 109-14.##
16- Landis, J. R., and Koch, G. G. (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33: 159-174.##
17- Licursi, M., Inoshima, Y., Wu, D., Yokoyama, T., Gonzalez, E. and Sentsui, H. (2002) Genetic heterogeneity among bovine leukemia virus genotypes and its relation to humoral responses in hosts. Virus Res. 86: 101-110.##
18- Martin, D., Arjona, A.,Soto, I., Barquero, N.,Viana, M. and Gomez-Lucia, E. (2001) Comparative study of PCR as a direct assay and ELISA and AGID as indirect assay for the detection of bovine leukemia virus. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health. 48: 97-106##
19- Monke, D. R.,Rohde, R. F, Hueston, W. D.and R. J. Milburn, (1992) Estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of the agar gel immunodiffusion test for bovine leukemia virus:1,296cases (1982-1989) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 200: 2001-2004##
20- Murphy, A. ,Gibbs, J., Horzinek, C. and Studdert, J. (1999)Vet. virol. Academic Press, California, USA. PP: 363-373, 383-384##
21- Naif, H. M., Brandon, R. B., Daniel, R. C. and Lavin, M. F. (1990) Bovine leukaemia proviral DNA detection in cattle using the polymerase chain reaction. Vet. Microbiol. 25: 117-129.##
22- Naif, H. M., Daniel, R. C., Cougle, W. G. and Lavin, M. F. (1992) Early detection of bovine leukemia virus by using an enzyme-linked assay for polymerase chain reaction-amplified proviral DNA in experimentally infected cattle. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50: 675-679.##
23- Roberts, D. H., Lucas, M. H., Wibberley, G. and Chasey, D. (1990) Survival of bovine leukosis virus in bovine hole blood,serum and plasma. J. Biol. Stand. 9: 469-473##
24- Rola, M. and Kuzmak, J. (1999) The detection of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA by PCR-ELISA. J. Virol .Methods. 99: 33-40##
25- Tajima, S. and Aida, Y. , (2002) Mutant tax protein from bovine leukemia virus with enhanced ability to activate the expression of c-fos. J. Virol. 76: 2557-2562.##
26- Tajima, S., Takahashi, M., Takeshima, S., Konnai, S., Yin, S.A., Watarai, S., Tanaka, Y., Onuma, M., Okada, K. and Aida, Y., (2003) A mutant form of the tax protein of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), with enhanced transactivation activity, increases expression and propagation of BLV in vitro but not in vivo. J. Virol. 77: 1894-1903.##