Document Type : Literature Review
Authors
1
Department of Anaerobic Vaccine Research and Production, , Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
2
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that affects both domestic and wild birds, causing symptoms that range from severe to asymptomatic depending on the viral strain. Several NDV strains have attracted considerable interest in recent years for clinical applications due to their oncolytic properties. Its safety in humans makes NDV a promising virotherapeutic agent for the treatment of human malignancies. Depending on the viral strain, less virulent strains are considered safe for use as vaccines against Newcastle disease. It appears that all NDV strains exhibit tumor-selective replication in both mouse and human cells. However, lentogenic strains display monocyclic replication behavior, whereas more pathogenic strains show multicyclic replication. In the field of oncology, these strains are also being studied for use in oncolytic virotherapy in mammals.
Objective: This review study investigates the genetics of the virus, the mechanisms of oncolytic activity, the behavioral differences among NDV strains in their response to cancer cells , the characteristics of oncolytic NDV strains used in cancer therapy, and the challenges associated with their production.
Findings: Multiple strains with different characteristics, such as La Sota, MTH-68/H, and NDV-HUJ, are used as oncolytic strains. Some strains have also been genetically engineered to show greater effectiveness in cancer treatment.
Conclusion: Due to its high immunogenicity in humans, lack of pre-existing immunity, specificity for cancer cells, and ability to stimulate the immune system, NDV is considered a highly promising candidate for cancer therapy. For the mass production of oncolytic strains, and considering the limitations of traditional SPF egg-based production systems, the development of cell culture methods and the identification of new cell lines are proposed
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