Assessing the Efficacy of H5 Avian Influenza Vaccination in Ostriches: A Serological Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran

2 2Department of Poultry Disease diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj, Iran

3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute

5 Department of Poultry Disease diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj, Iran

10.22092/vj.2026.371465.2264

Abstract

Background: Ostriches (Struthio camelus), the largest flightless birds, are susceptible to avian influenza viruses (AIV), including the H5 subtype, posing significant economic risks, especially in ostrich farming countries like South Africa. Objectives: This study assessed the immunogenicity of an inactivated H5 influenza vaccine in ostriches using the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. Methods:A serological study was conducted on adult ostriches from Khorasan Razavi and Khorasan Jonoubi, Iran, who were vaccinated three times with the H5 influenza vaccine (Re-6+Re-8). Blood samples were analyzed using the HI test according to World Organization for Animal Health guidelines, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: HI titers are greater in the vaccinated group (3.1±0.8), indicating a greater degree of immune response compared to the unvaccinated group(2.3±0.74)(p<0.05). However, the vaccine did not elicit a strong immune response, suggesting poor immunogenicity and variability in the immune response among vaccinated ostriches. Conclusion: The weak immune response may be due to factors like vaccine quality, administration issues, or strain mismatch. The study highlights distinct immune responses in ostriches compared to poultry species and stresses the importance of biosecurity, especially on farms near wetlands or migratory bird routes. Further studies are needed to improve vaccine efficacy. Avian influenza remains a significant threat to ostrich farming. Enhanced biosecurity, improved vaccination strategies, and ongoing surveillance are essential for managing H5 AIV outbreaks. Collaborative efforts between researchers, veterinarians, and farmers are crucial for industry sustainability.

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Veterinary Research & Biological Products

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 08 February 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 November 2025
  • Revise Date: 29 January 2026
  • Accept Date: 07 February 2026

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