Application of an 8-locus MLVA typing system on Burkholderia mallei isolates collected in Iran from 2012 to 2020, a fresh update

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Veterinary Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Burkholderia mallei remains actively plaguing soliped populations across the Middle and Far East despite the long years of ongoing test and slaughter schemes run by the region States. This includes Iran with occasional reports of glanders and rarely-occurred cases of human infections. The Multiple locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) has proved very effective in resolving of Burkholderia mallei strains. Here, a molecular strain-typing system based on 8 variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci is reported. This strategy was laboratory-tested on a panel of 6 indigenous isolates representing the most recent outbreaks of glanders in Iran and a single Swedish strain of B. mallei. A further collection of 20 B. mallei and 2 B. pseudomallei reference strains genomes obtained from Pubmed databases were also included in the study to conduct in-situ assessment. The number of alleles detected ranged from 1 (Locus 41) to 10 (locus) with the Nei’s diversity index values ranged from 0.53 to 0.89. On the whole, the typing system designated 27 isolates into 25 genotypes and more specifically the 7 B mallei from Iran to 6 types. Authors believe by the time when the whole genome sequencing platforms have come economically available to the low-income laboratory settings in the developing world, the optimized versions of MLVA typing method such as the one described here deliver broad potential for epidemiological investigation of B. mallei and revelation of relationships between isolates at local, regional and worldwide scale.

Keywords

References

1. Acharya, K. P., S. Marahatta and R. T. Wilson. 2021. First outbreak of glanders in Nepal and possible implications for the animal sector. Wiley Online Library.
2. Dashtipoor, S., K. Tadayon, N. Mosavari and S. K. Bidouki. 2018. A customized dual-locus VNTR combination for genotyping Burkholderia mallei field isolates in Iran. Veterinary Researches & Biological Products 31: 51-58.
3. Dashtipour SH., Keyvan Tadayon, Sajjad Yazdansetad, Nader Mosavari and R. Keshavarz. 2021. Genomic pattern analysis of Burkholderia mallei field isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) discriminatory typing. Iranian journal of microbiology 13: 574-582.
4. Ellis, P. 2020. Glanders: re-emergence of an ancient zoonosis. Microbiology Australia 41: 41-44.
5. Erdemsurakh, O. 2020. Pathological and epidemiological studies on equine glanders in Mongolia. 
6. Ewin, T. 2020. Modern resonances of Imperial Germany’s biological-warfare sabotage campaign, 1915–18. The Nonproliferation Review 27: 277-287.
7. Falcão, M. V. D., P. P. Silveira, V. L. Santana, L. O. da Rocha, K. P. Chaves and R. A. Mota. 2019. First record of Burkholderia mallei Turkey 10 strain originating from glanderous horses from Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 50: 1125-1127.
8. Hayoun, M. A. and K. C. King. Section. 2020. Biologic Warfare Agent Toxicity. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL).
9. Hornstra, H., T. Pearson, S. Georgia, A. Liguori, J. Dale, E. Price, M. O'Neill, D. Deshazer, G. Muhammad, M. Saqib, A. Naureen and P. Keim. 2009. Molecular epidemiology of glanders, Pakistan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15: 2036-2039.
10. Hussein, Z. S. 2018. Detection of Glanders in horses of eight Iraqi provinces by ELISA. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences 11: 21-25.
11. Khaki, P., N. Mosavari, N. S. Khajeh, M. Emam, M. Ahouran, S. Hashemi, M. M. Taheri, D. Jahanpeyma and S. Nikkhah. 2012. Glanders outbreak at Tehran Zoo, Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology 4: 3-7.
12. Larsson, A. 2014. AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinformatics 30: 3276-3278.
13. Najafpour, R., N. Mosavari, K. Tadayon and E. Tajbakhsh. 2015. Optimization of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis in the classical PCR machines for typing of Burkholderia mallei.
14. Scholz, H. C., T. Pearson, H. Hornstra, M. Projahn, R. Terzioglu, R. Wernery, E. Georgi, J. M. Riehm, D. M. Wagner and P. S. Keim. 2014. Genotyping of Burkholderia mallei from an outbreak of glanders in Bahrain suggests multiple introduction events. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8: e3195.
15. Shanmugasundaram, K., H. Singha, S. Saini and B. N. Tripathi. 2022. 16S rDNA and ITS Sequence Diversity of Burkholderia mallei Isolated from Glanders-Affected Horses and Mules in India (2013–2019). Current microbiology 79: 1-13.
16. Singha, H., M. C. Elschner, P. Malik, S. Saini, B. N. Tripathi, K. Mertens-Scholz, H. Brangsch, F. Melzer, R. K. Singh and H. Neubauer. 2021. Molecular Typing of Burkholderia mallei Isolates from Equids with Glanders, India. EmergingInfectious Diseases 27: 1745
17. Singha, H., F. Vorimore, S. Saini, T. Deshayes, M. Saqib, B. Tripathi and K. Laroucau. 2021. Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia mallei isolates from India (2015–2016): New SNP markers for strain tracing. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 95: 105059.
18. Tabrizi, E., K. Tadayon, N. Mosavari, E. Tajbakhsh, R. Keshavarz, R. Ghaderi, M. Sekhavati, R. Banihashemi, R. Najafpour and M. Haghighat. 2016. Genomic structure of Burkholderia mallei Razi 325, the strain used for industrial production of Mallein in Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 18.
19. Tabrizi, E. F., K. Tadayon, N. Mosavari, E. Tajbakhsh, R. Keshavarz, R. Ghaderi, M. Sekhavati, R. Banihashemi, R. Najafpour and M. M. Haghighat. 2016. Genomic structure of Burkholderia mallei Razi 325, the strain used for industrial production of Mallein in Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 18.
20. U'Ren, J. M., J. M. Schupp, T. Pearson, H. Hornstra, C. L. C. Friedman, K. L. Smith, R. R. L. Daugherty, S. D. Rhoton, B. Leadem and S. Georgia. 2007. Tandem repeat regions within the Burkholderia pseudomallei genome and their application for high resolution genotyping. BMC microbiology 7: 1-20.
21. Van Zandt, K. E., M. T. Greer and H. C. Gelhaus. 2013. Glanders: an overview of infection in humans. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 8: 131.
22. Yen, M. W. S., O. Lisanti, F. Thibault, T. S. San, L. G. Kee, V. Hilaire, L. Jiali, H. Neubauer, G. Vergnaud and V. Ramisse. 2009. Validation of ten new polymorphic tandem repeat loci and application to the MLVA typing of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates collected in Singapore from 1988 to 2004. Journal of Microbiological Methods 77: 297-301.
 
Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Volume 35, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
December 2022
Pages 74-82

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 22 February 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics