Laboratory-scale production and quality control of trivalent inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and egg drop syndrome

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

2 Department of Viral Vaccine Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Although Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccines are currently being produced in Iran in the forms of live and inactivated, egg drop syndrome (EDS) vaccine has not been produced in Iran so far. In this study, the laboratory-scale production of ND + IB + EDS multivalent vaccine was performed to reduce dependency on imports and localize production of this vaccine. Three vaccine seeds of V4 (ND virus), M41 (IB virus) and AV-127 (EDS virus) strains were evaluated for freedom from bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, and unwanted viruses using microbiological methods and PCR. Two different inactivated vaccines, contained mineral oil adjuvant, were produced, and formulated as water-in-oil emulsions. Tests for sterility, stability and safety of these emulsions were performed for quality control. In addition, the immunogenicity of two vaccines were evaluated and compared with a similar imported trivalent ND + IB + EDS vaccine through vaccination of 20 four-week-old specific pathogen free chickens. Then serum antibodies specific to three viruses were detected using hemagglutination inhibition and ELISA tests. Both experimental vaccines showed desirable and similar immunogenicity compared to the imported trivalent vaccine. This study showed that the laboratory-scale production of trivalent vaccines (ND + IB + EDS) has potential to produce industrially. Thus, these vaccines can strengthen vaccine manufacturing capabilities and reduce dependence on imports of similar vaccines

Keywords

References

1- Aghakhan, S. M., N. Abshar, S. Fereidouni, C. Marunesi and M. Khodashenas. 1994. Studies on Avian Viral Infections in Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 44.45: 1-10.
2- Aghakhan, S. M. and M. Khodashenas. 1990. Studies on Egg Drop Syndrome in Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 41: 80-86.
3- Aini, I. 1990. Control of poultry diseases in Asia by vaccination. World's Poultry Science Journal 46: 125-132.
4- Baxendale, W., D. Lutticken, R. Hein and I. McPherson. 1980. The results of field trials conducted with an inactivated vaccine against the egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS 76). Avian Pathology 9: 77-91.
5- Bayon-Auboyer, M. H., V. Jestin, D. Toquin, M. Cherbonnel and N. Eterradossi. 1999. Comparison of F-, G- and N-based RT-PCR protocols with conventional virological procedures for the detection and typing of turkey rhinotracheitis virus. Archives of Virology 144: 1091-1109.
6- Bruhn, S., L. Bruckner and H. P. Ottiger. 2005. Application of RT-PCR for the detection of avian reovirus contamination in avian viral vaccines. Journal of Virological Methods 123: 179-186.
7- Cavanagh, D. 2003. Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. Avian Pathology 32: 567-582.
8- Collett, S. R., J. A. Smith, M. Boulianne, R. L. Owen, E. Gingerich, R. S. Singer, T. J. Johnson, C. L. Hofacre, R. D. Berghaus and B. Stewart-Brown. 2020. Principles of Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Control. pp. 1-78. In: D.E. Swayne, M. Boulianne, C.M. Logue, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, D.L. Suarez, S. Wit, T. Grimes, D. Johnson, M. Kromm, T.Y. Prajitno, I. Rubinoff and G. Zavala (eds.) Diseases of Poultry. eds. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
9- Cook, J. K. 1983. Egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS-76) virus infection in inadequately vaccinated chickens. Avian Pathology 12: 9-16.
10- Creelan, J. L., D. A. Graham and S. J. McCullough. 2002. Detection and differentiation of pathogenicity of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 from field cases using one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology 31: 493-499.
11- Fitzgerald, S. D., S. Rautenschlein, H. M. Mahsoub, F. W. Pierson, W. M. Reed and S. W. Jack. 2020. Adenovirus Infections. pp. 321-363. In: D.E. Swayne, M. Boulianne, C.M. Logue, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, D.L. Suarez, S. Wit, T. Grimes, D. Johnson, M. Kromm, T.Y. Prajitno, I. Rubinoff and G. Zavala (eds.) Diseases of Poultry. eds. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
12- Garg, S. P. and R. P. Garg. 1994. Studies on egg drop syndrome–76 vaccines immunization with killed adjuvanted vaccines. Indian Veterinary Journal 71: 325-328.
13- Ghorbiani, M., Z. Boroomand, M. Mayahi and M. R. Seyfi Abad Shapouri. 2020. Molecular identification of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from respiratory diseases in some Iranian broiler flocks. Molecular Biology Reports 47: 7161-7168.
14- Gough, R. E., W. H. Allan and D. Nedelciu. 1977. Immune response to monovalent and bivalent Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis inactivated vaccines. Avian Pathology 6: 131-142.
15- Hermann, J., D. Koski, S. Taylor and D. Gatewood. 2012. Evaluation of the analytical sensitivity of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of chicken infectious anemia virus in avian vaccines. Biologicals 40: 266-269.
16- Holmes, H. C., K. J. Webb and P. G. Box. 1989. Vaccine for the control of egg drop syndrome '76. Veterinary Records 124: 309-310.
17- Jackwood, M. W. and S. de Wit. 2020. Infectious Bronchitis. pp. 167-188. In: D.E. Swayne, M. Boulianne, C.M. Logue, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, D.L. Suarez, S. Wit, T. Grimes, D. Johnson, M. Kromm, T.Y. Prajitno, I. Rubinoff and G. Zavala (eds.) Diseases of Poultry. eds. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
18- Lee, M. S., P. C. Chang, J. H. Shien, M. C. Cheng and H. K. Shieh. 2001. Identification and subtyping of avian influenza viruses by reverse transcription-PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 97: 13-22.
19- Loa, C. C., T. L. Lin, C. C. Wu, T. A. Bryan, T. A. Hooper and D. L. Schrader. 2006. Differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Virological Methods 131: 86-91.
20- Ottiger, H. P. 2010. Development, standardization and assessment of PCR systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. Biologicals 38: 381-388.
21- Phillips, J. M. 1973. Vaccination against Newcastle disease: An assessment of haemagglutination inhibition titres obtained from field samples. Veterinary Records 93: 577-583.
22- Schijns, V. E. J. C., S. van de Zande, B. Lupiani and S. M. Reddy. 2014. Chapter 20 - Practical Aspects of Poultry Vaccination. pp 345-362. In: Schat KA., Kaspers B., Kaiser P, editors. Avian Immunology (Second Edition). Academic Press. Boston.
23- Sohrab, V. 1974. Newcastle disease in Iran. Bulletin de L'Office International des Epizooties 81: 899-903.
24- Suarez, D. L., P. J. Miller, G. Koch, E. Mundt and S. Rautenschlein. 2020. Newcastle Disease, Other Avian Paramyxoviruses, and Avian Metapneumovirus Infections. pp. 109-166. In: D.E. Swayne, M. Boulianne, C.M. Logue, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, D.L. Suarez, S. Wit, T. Grimes, D. Johnson, M. Kromm, T.Y. Prajitno, I. Rubinoff and G. Zavala (eds.) Diseases of Poultry. eds. John Wiley & Sons. Hoboken, NJ.
25- Zhi, Y., A. Mayhew, N. Seng and G. B. Takle. 2010. Validation of a PCR method for the detection of mycoplasmas according to European Pharmacopoeia section 2.6.7. Biologicals 38: 232-237.
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 11 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 08 February 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics