Evaluation of immune response of BALB/c mice against lyophilized form of Neospora caninum

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Karaj branch,Islamic azad university,karaj, iran

2 department of Parasitology, karaj branch, Islamic azad university,karaj, iran

3 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Shiraz, Shiraz,, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lyophilization on which strain in comparison with acute strain in the development of immune response in BALB/c mice. To this end, 40 BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups each of 8 heads. The first group: NC1 (acute strain), the second group: lyophilized NC1 (acute strain), the third group: NCR (attenuated strain), the fourth group: lyophilized NCR (attenuated strain), and the fifth group: control. Three weeks after induction of vaccines, blood sampling was performed for ELISA and interferon-gamma tests. The results showed that the hemorrhagic immune system performed well (P <0.05, OR (CI95%)), and all four immunosuppressed groups had a significant difference in humoral immune response compared to the control group. An important result was the interferon test, which revealed that the lyophilized form in the acute strain had no significant difference in the level of interferon gamma compared to the control group, while lyophilized attenuated strain also had a significant difference between the levels of IFN-γ compared to the control (P <0.05, OR (CI95%)). This study showed that the lyophilized attenuated strain N.caninum is also able to produce a humoral and cell mediated immune and can be considered as an appropriate candidate for further studies on vaccine production.

Keywords

References

1. Dubey. J.P. 2003. Review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis in animal. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 41: 1-16.
2. Gondim. L.F.P. M.M. McAllister. W.C. Pitt. and D.E. Zemlicka. 2004a. Coyotes (Canislatrans) are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum. International Journal for Parasitology 34, 159–161 
3. Reichel, M.P., J.T. Ellis, and J.P.Dubey. 2007. Neosporosis and hammondiosis in dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 48: 308– 312.
4. Moore, D. P., A. Perez, S. Agliano, M. Brace,  G. Canton, D. Cano, M. R. Leunda, Odeon, A. C. E. Odriozola, and C. M.  Campero. 2009. Risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Argentina. Veterinary Parasitology 161, 122–125.
5. McFadden. G.I.  . 2011. The apicoplast. Protoplasma 248, 641–650.
6. Williams. D.J.. C.S. Guy.  J.W. McGarry.  F. Guy. L. Tasker. R.F. Smith. K. MacEachern. P.J. Cripps. D.F. Kelly and A. J. Trees .2000. Neospora caninum-associated abortion in cattle: the time of experimentally-induced parasitaemia during gestation determines foet.al survival. Parasitology, 121: 347–358.
7. Beigi. P.. M.M.   Namavari and   N. Razmi. 2017. Study on the attenuation of  Neospora caninum after continuous passage on J774 cell line.Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 115: 128-135.
8. Liddel. S. C. Parker. B. Vinyard. M. Jenkins and  J.P.  Dubey . 2003. Immunization of mice with plasmid DNA coding for NcGRA7 or NcsHSP33 confers partial protection against vertical transmission of Neospora caninum. J Parasitol 89: 496-500.
9. Davison. A.. A. Otter. and J. Trees. 1999a. “Estimation of verticaland horizontal transmission parameters of Neospora caninum infections in dairy cattle,” International Journal for Parasitology,29(10), 1683–1689.
10. Michael.  P., M. Reichel, A.A. Alejandra, F.P.  Luís Gondim and J. T. Ellis. 2013. What is the global economic impact of Neospora caninum in cattle – Thebillion dollar question .Parasitology 43 ,133–142. 
11. Dubey. J.P. A.L. Hattel and D.S. Lindsay. 1988. "Topper, Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission."J Am Vet Med Assoc., 193: 1259–1263 
12. .Soltani.  M.. A. Sadrebazzaz. M. Nasiri and M. Tahmoorespour. 2013. Cloning, Nucleotide Sequencing and Bioinformatics Study of NcSRS2 Gene, an Immunogen from Iranian Isolate of Neospora caninum. Iran J Parasitol. 8(1): 114–127.
13. Trees. A.J. and D.J.L. Williams .2005. "Endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii."Trends. Parasitol., 21(12):558-561.
14. Khordadmehr. M.  M. Namavari. A.K. Tafti.  M. Mansourian. A. Rahimian. and Y. Daneshbod . 2013. Comparison of use of Vero cell line and suspension culture of murine macrophage to attenuation of virulence of Neospora caninum .Research in Veterinary Science 95, 515–521.
15. Barr. B.C.. P.A.Conrad. K.W. Sverlow. A.F.Tarantal and A.G. Hendrickx. 1994. "Experimental fetal and transplacental Neospora infection in the nonhuman primate."Lab Invest, 71:236–42.
16. Staubli. D. S. Nunez. H. Sager. G. Schares. and B. Gottstein. 2006. Neospora caninum immunoblotting improves serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis. Parasitol Res 99, 648-58.
17. Abdeyazdan. A. and M.M.  Namavari. 2015. Effect of inactivated Neospora caninum tachyzoite vaccine on immune markers and  transplacental transmission in pregnant BALB/c mice. Online Journal of Veterinary Research.19:689-697.
18. Dubey. J.P. G. Schares. and  L.M.  Ortega-Mora .2007. Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum. Cliical Microbiology Revew,20:323-67.
19. Andrianarivo. A. G.. B. C. Barr. M. L. Anderson. J. D. Rowe. A. E. Packham. K.W. Sverlow. and P.A  Conrad. 2001. Immune responses in pregnant cattle and bovine fetuses following 3. experimental infection with Neospora caninum. Parasitology Research. 87:817–825.
20. Omata H., R., Kamiya., Y. Kano, R. Kobayashi, A. Maeda.  and  Saito. 2006. Footpad reaction induced by Neospora caninum tachyzoite extract in infected BALB/c mice. Veterinary Parasitology, 139:102–108.
21. Almeria. S.. R. Araujo.  W. Tuo.  F. Lopez-Gatius. J.P.  Dubey. and L.C.  Gasbarre. 2010. Fet.al death in cows experimentally infected with Neospora caninum at 110 days of gestation. Vet Parasitol. 169, 304–311.
 

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 December 2019
  • Revise Date: 26 August 2021
  • Accept Date: 31 August 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics