Evaluation of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in cattle in industrial farms in North Khorasan Province, Iran

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.

2 Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran

3 Veterinary medicine faculty, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran

4 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Cryptosporidium is one of the main enteric protozoan pathogens of mammals, notably domestic animals and human. This protozoan parasite is known as one of the leading causes of livestock mortality, mostly young animals. In order to determine prevalence of coccidian Cryptosporidium infection in North Khorasan province, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted on Cattle younger than six months and Cattle aged more than six months between 2017 and 2018 years. A total of 160 rectal fecal samples were randomly collected from three dairy farms and were evaluated microscopically after modified ziehl neelsen staining. Of the 160 samples examined, only nine (5.6%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Positive samples, after DNA extraction, were further tested using nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. All positive sample were confirmed by Nested PCR Although the highest prevalence rate was observed in calves aged more than six months, neither age(p-value=0.16) nor sex (p-value=0.85) had significant relationship with prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Cattle. Moreover, no differences were found in prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium between calves with or without diarrhea (p-value=0.78). It is concluded that Cryptosporidium has a role in the intestinal infection of cattle in North Khorasan province, Iran.

Keywords

References

1- Anderson, B. C. 1998. Cryptosporidiosis in Bovine and Human Health. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 3036-3041.
2- Casemore, D. P., M. Armstrong and R. L. Sands. 1985. Laboratory diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. J Clin Pathol 38: 1337-1341.
3- Dillingham, R. A., A. A. Lima and R. L. Guerrant. 2002. Cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology and impact. Microbes Infect 4: 1059-1066.
4- Fayer, R. and B. L. Ungar. 1986. Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis. Microbiol Rev 50: 458-483.
5- Heidarnegadi, S., M. Mohebali, S. Maraghi, Z. Babaei, S. Farnia, A. Bairami and M. Rezaeian. 2012. Cryptosporidium spp. Infection in human and domestic animals. Iran J Parasitol 7: 53-58.
6- Khalili, B., G. Shahabi, S. Khayeri, B. Sarkari, M. Khalili and M. Samadzadeh. 2007. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Risk Factors Related to Cryptosporidiosis in Hospitalized Children under 5 Years of Age Due to Diarrhea (Shahrekord- 2005). Armaghane danesh 12: 105-115.
7- Khodashenas, G. M. Y. a. 1985. M 1985; Cryptosposporidiosis in a native rooster with choric proliferative enteritis. Arch 
8- Meamar AR, G. K., Certad G, Dei-Cas E, Mohraz M, Mohebali M, et al. 2006. SSU-rRNA gene analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV Positive and negative patients. Iranian j public Health.
9- Mendonca, C., A. Almeida, A. Castro, M. de Lurdes Delgado, S. Soares, J. M. da Costa and N. Canada. 2007. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia isolates from cattle from Portugal. Vet Parasitol 147: 47-50.
10- Nair, P., J. A. Mohamed, H. L. DuPont, J. F. Figueroa, L. G. Carlin, Z.-D. Jiang, J. Belkind-Gerson, F. G. Martinez-Sandoval and P. C. Okhuysen. 2008. Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North American travelers to Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 210-214.
11- Ramirez, N. E., L.A. Ward and S.Sreevatsan. 2004. A review of the biology and epidemiology og Cryptosporidiosis in human and animals. Microbes infect.
12- Ronald Fayer, L. X. 2007. Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. 2nd Edition ed.
13- Sadrebazzaz, A. 2017. Cryptosporidium infection in cattle and rodents in dairy cattle farms in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. J Bacteriol Parasitol 8: 48.
14- Silverlas, C., K. Naslund, C. Bjorkman and J. G. Mattsson. 2010. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium isolates from Swedish dairy cattle in relation to age, diarrhoea and region. Vet Parasitol 169: 289-295.
15- Wang, R., H. Wang, Y. Sun, L. Zhang, F. Jian, M. Qi, C. Ning and L. Xiao. 2011. Characteristics of Cryptosporidium transmission in preweaned dairy cattle in Henan, China. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1077-1082.
16- Xiao, L., L. Escalante, C. Yang, I. Sulaiman, A. A. Escalante, R. J. Montali, R. Fayer and A. A. Lal. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 1578-1583.
Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Volume 34, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 62-69

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 February 2020
  • Revise Date: 25 April 2020
  • Accept Date: 29 April 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics