Effect of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) disease on the biometric parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

2 Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 Iran Veterinary Organization, Tehran. Iran

Abstract

To evaluate the influence of VHS disease on rainbow trout biometric traits, this research was conducted. Two hundred eighty-one rainbow trout (88±3.38 g initial weight ) were collected, and after 18 days of adaptation period were randomly divided into five groups. All experimental groups were fed by commercial ration. The first group was selected as a control group (no injection), but the second to fifth groups were injected with 0.03 ml physiological serum, 0.06 ml physiological serum , 0.03 ml VHSV, and 0.06 ml VHSV with the concentration of 4.5x104 pfu.ml - respectively. To diagnose the disease, RT-PCR test was used. The research period was 35 days, and records of body weight, and fish length (standard length, fork length and, total length) were collected on days 28, and 35 of rearing. Mean comparisons of these traits between different groups were conducted using the Tukey test (HSD) and R software. In the results of body weight in the first week after challenge (day 28) significant differences were observed between the control group with VHSV injected groups (p < 0.001) and also between physiological serum with VHSV injected groups (p < 0.05). In the second week after challenge (day 35), there were significant differences (p < 0.001) for body weight between VHSV injected groups with control and physiological injected groups (p < 0.001). In the second week after the challenge for traits related to fish length (standard length, fork length, and total length), there were significant differences between all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Based on the observed results, VHS disease will reduce fish growth, and it will cause economic losses.

Keywords


1-Ahmadivand, S., M. Soltani, K. Mardani, S. Shokrpoor, H. Rahmati-Holasoo, H. Mokhtari and R. Hasanzadeh. 2016. Isolation and identification of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Iran. Acta Tropica 156: 30-36.
2-Brunson, R., K. True and J. Yancey. 1989. VHS virus isolated at Makah national fish hatchery. American Fisheries Society Fish Health Section Newsletter 17: 3-4.
3-Carlander, K. D. 1969. Handbook of fresh water fishery biology. Iowa State University. Press; Ames, IA. 752P.
4-Castric, J and P. de Kinkelin. 1980. Occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson reared in sea-water. Journal of Fish Diseases 3: 21-27.
5-Fattahi, F., Akhlaghi, M. Mohammadi, A. Soltanian, S and N. Shahbazian. 2019. Phylogenetic analysis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from recent outbreaks in some of the Iranian farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 4:1-12.
6-Ghiasi, F and N. Jorgen Olesen. 2014. Detection of virus level in tissues of rainbow trout, Oncoryhinchus mykiss in clinical stage of viral hemorrhagic septicemia. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 7: 03-06.
7-Guðmundsdóttir, S., N. Vendramin, A. Cuenca, H. Sigurðardóttir, A. Kristmundsson T, Moesgaard Iburg and N. Jørgen Olesen. 2019. Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Iceland caused by VHS virus genotype IV. Journal of Fish Diseases 42:47-62.
8-Haghighi Khiabanian, A., M. Bandehpour, Z. Sharifnia and B. Kazemi. 2008. Diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in Iranian rainbow trout aquaculture by pathology and molecular techniques. Bulletin- European Association of Fish Pathologists 28: 170-175.
9-Hill, B. 1992. Impact of viral diseases on salmonid fish in Europe. In: Proceedings of the OJI International Symposium on Salmonid Diseases. Japan, Hokkaido University.
10-Maitland, P. S. 2000. Guide to freshwater fish of britain and europe. Publishing group limitedoctopus, Essex, 256 p.
11-McLauchlan, P. E., B. Collet, E. Ingerslev, C. Secombes, N. Lorenzen and A. Ellis. 2003. DNA vaccination against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in rainbow trout: size, dose, route of injection and duration of protection-early protection correlates with Mx expression. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 15: 39-50.
12-Meyers, T. R., S. Short, K. Lipson, W. Batts, J.R. Winton, J. R. Wilcock and E. Brown. 1994. Association of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus with epizootic hemorrhages of the skin in Pacific herring clupea harengus pallasi from Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 19: 27-37.
13-Ogut, H and C. Altuntas. 2011. Virulence of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) genotype Ie on fry of three trout species: black sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax), rainbow trout (Oncohynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 31: 132- 139.
14-Pujolar, J., M. Deleo, G. A. Ciccotti, E. and L. Zane. 2009. Genetic composition of atlantic and mediterranean recruits of European eel anguilla anguilla based on EST-linked microsatellite loci. Journal of Fish Biology 74: 2034-2046.
15-Skall, H., N. Olesen and S. Mellergaard. 2005. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in marine fish and its implications for fish farming-a review. Journal of Fish Diseases 28: 509-529.
16-Snow, M., N. Bain, J. Black, V. Taupin1, C. O. Cunningham, J. A. King ,H. F. Skall and R. S. Raynard. 2004. Genetic population structure of marine viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). Diseases of aquatic organisms 61: 11-21.
17-Walker, P. J., A. Benmansour, R. Dietzgen, R.X. Fang, A.O. Jackson, G. Kurath, J.C. Leong, S. Nadin-Davies, R.B. Tesh and N. Tordo .2000. (ED), Family Rhabdoviridae In: Virus Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 563:583.
18-Wolf, K. 1988. (ED), Viral hemorrhagic septicemia in fish viruses and fish viral diseases 217-249.
19-Yusuff, S., G. Kurath, M. Sun Kim, T. Tesfaye, J. Li, D. McKenney and V. Vakharia. 2019. The glycoprotein, non-virion protein, and polymerase of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus are not determinants of host-specific virulence in rainbow trout. Virology Journal 31: 16-31.