Identification of Hard tick’s diversity on Sheep in Sabzevar city, Iran

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran

2 Young Researchers And Elite club, Sabzevar Branch Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar- Iran

Abstract

Some of ticks are major vectors of pathogens for animals and humans. This study was conducted to determine tick infestation rate of sheep and seasonal variations of tick population in Sabzevar city. This survey was carried out during April 2016 until March 2017. A total of 800 sheep were randomly selected and examined. A total number of 400 adult ticks were collected and then were preserved in 70% Ethanol alcohol with 5% glycerin and were identified using diagnostic keys. Based on the results obtained in this study, two Genera and four species including Hyalomma anatolicum (40%), Rhipicephalus turanicus (30%), Hyalomma excavatum (16.25%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (13.75%) were identified. The most prevalent tick was Hyalomma anatolicum. The prevalence of ticks on sheep was 22.5%. The highest amount of infestation was observed in spring (53%). In this study, the highest infestation rate was reported in the head and ear area with 49.5%. Ticks are important due to their role in transmission of diseases such as theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. So the result of this study can be useful for implementation of disease control.

Keywords

References

1. Aktas, M., N. Dumanli and M. Angin. 2004. Cattle infestation by Hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Veterinary Parasitology 119: 1–8.
2. Aktas, M., K. Altay and N. Dumanli. 2006. A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern Turkey. Veterinary Parasitology 138: 179-85.
3. Apanaskevich, D.A. and I.G. Horak. 2005. The genus Hyalomma Koch,1844.II. Taxonomic status of H.(Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch,1844, H. (E.) excavatum Koch,1844 (Acari,Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages. Acarina 13: 181–197.
4. Brossard, M. and S.K. Wikel. 1997. Immunology of interactions between ticks and hosts. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 11: 270-276.
5. Brown, C.G.D., T. IIhan, E. Kirvar, M. Thomas, G. Wilkie, I. Leemans and P. Hooshmand-Rad. 1998. Theileria lestoquardi and T. annulata in cattle, sheep and goats: in vitro and in vivo studies. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences 849: 44–51.
6. Cupp, E .W. 1991. Biology of ticks. Veterinarg Clinis North American Small Animal Practice 21: 1-21.
7. Estrada-Pena, A., A. Bouattour, J.L. Camicas and A.R. Walker. 2004. Ticks of domestic animals in Mediterranean region, a guide to identification of specie Bioscience Reports, UK.
8. Ghosh, S., P. Azhahianambi and M.P. Yadav. 2007. Upcoming and future strategies of tick control: a review. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 44: 79-89.
9. Hoogstraal, H. 1956. African Ixodoidea.Vol1Ticks of the Sudan. Naval Medical Research, USA.
10. Irshad, N., M. Qayyum, M. Hussain and M. Qasim Khan. 2010. Prevalence of Tick Infestation and Theileriosis in Sheep and Goats. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 30: 178-180.
11. Kirvar, E., T. Ilhan, F. Katzer, G. Wilkie, P. Hooshmand-Rad and C.G.D. Brown. 1998. Detection of Theileria lestoquardi (hirci) in ticks, sheep and goats using the polymerase chain reaction. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences 29: 52–62.
12. Mamak, N., L. Gençer, Y.E. Ozkanlar and S. Ozçelik. 2006. Determination of tick species and treatment of cows, sheep and goats in the Sivas-Zara region. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 30: 209-12.
13. Mariana, A., Z. Zuraidawati, T.M. Ho, B.M. Kulaimi, L. Saleh and M.N. Shukor. 2008. Ticks (Ixodidae) and other ectoparasites in Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 39: 496–506.
14. Mirzaei Dehaghi M., S. Fathi, E. Norouzi Asl and H. Asgary Nezhad. 2011. Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep southeast of Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production 43: 459–461.
15. Nabian, S., S. Rahbari, P. Shayan and H.R. Haddadzadeh. 2007. Current status of tick fauna in north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2: 12-17.
16. Nabian, S. and S. Rahbari. 2008. Occurrence of soft and hard ticks on ruminants in Zagros, Mountainous areas of Iran. Journal of Arthropod Borne Disease 2: 16–20.
17. Nabian, S., S. Rahbari, A. Changizi and P. Shayan. 2009. The distribution of Hyalomma Spp. ticks from domestic ruminants in Iran. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 23: 281–283.
18. Nasiri, A., Z. Telmadarraiy, H. Vatandoost and S. Chinikar. 2010. Tick Infestation rat of sheep and their distribution in Abdanan county, Ilam Province, Iran, 2007-2008. Journal of Arthropod Borne Disease 4: 56-60.
19. Nithikathkul, C., P. Polseela, B. Changsap and S. Leemingsawat. 2002. Ixodid ticks on domestic animals in Samut Prakan Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 3:41-4.
20. Parola, P. and D. Raoult. 2001. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans, an emerging infectious threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases 32: 897–928.
21. Rahbari, S., S. Nabian and P. Shayan. 2007. Primary report on distribution of tick fauna in Iran. Parasitology Research 101: 175–177.
22. Razmi, G.R., A. Naghibi, M.R. Aslani, M. Fathivand and K. Dastjerdi. 2002. An epidemiological study on ovine babesiosis in the Mashhad suburb area, province of Khorasan, Iran. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 108: 109-101.
23. Razmi, G.R., V. Najarnejad and M. Rashtibaf. 2011. Determination the frequency of Ixodid ticks on the sheep in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute 66: 129-132
24. Rechav, Y. 1982. Ecological factors affecting the seasonal activity of the borneo tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Review of applied entomology 70: 187-197.
25. Salari Lak, S., H. Vatandoost, Z. Telmadarraiy, R. Entezar Mahdi and E.B. Kia. 2008. Seasonal activity of ticks and their importance in tick-borne infectious diseases in West Azerbaijan, Iran. Journal of Arthropod Borne Disease 2: 28–34.
26. Ševík, M., J. Krištofík, M. Uhrin and P. Benda . 2010. New records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitising on bats in Slovakia. Vespertilio 13: 139–147.
27. Shemshad, M., Kh. Shemshad, M.M. Sedaghat, M. Shokri, A. Barmaki, M. Baniardalani and J. Rafinejad. 2012. First survey of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in Boeen Zahra and Takistan counties, Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2: 489-492.
28. Soulsby, E. J. L. 1986. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domestic Animals. 7th Edition, Baillier Tindall, London: 718.
29. Taib, O.L., M.A.A. Kadir, U. Seitzer and J.S. Ahmed. 2007. A survey of ticks (Acari:Ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in the Dohuk Governorate, Iraq. Parasitology Research 101: 189-194.
30. Telmadarraiy, Z., A. Bahrami and H. Vatandoost. 2004. A Survey on fauna of ticks in west Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health 4: 65–69.
31. Vathsala, M., P. Mohan, Sacikumarm and S. Ramessh. 2008. Survey of tick species distribution in sheep and goat in Tamil Nadu, India. Small Ruminant Research 74: 238–242.
32. Walker, A.R., A. Bouattour, J.L. Camicas, A. Estrada -Pena, I.G. Horak, A. Latif, R.G. Pegram and P.M. Preston. 2003. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa, A guide to identification of species. Biosience Reports, UK.
33. Yakhchali, M. and B. Ranjbargarmabolia. 2008. Ixodid ticks fauna in sheep and goats flocks in Torbatejam suburb (south Khorasan province), Iran. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 21: 27-32. (In persian).
34. Yakhchali, M. and A. Hosseine. 2006. Prevalence and ectoparasites fauna of sheep and goats flocks in Urmia suburb, Iran. Veterinarski arhiv 76: 431-442.
35. Yakhchali, M., A. Rostami and M. Esmailzadeh. 2011. Diversity and seasonal distribution of ixodid ticks in the natural habitat of domestic ruminants in north and south of Iran. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 162: 229–235.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 February 2019
  • Revise Date: 15 May 2019
  • Accept Date: 18 May 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics