Comparison Of Three Administration Methods (Orally, Microinjection And Spraying Through Skin Contact) Of Scorpion Venom Against Stem Borer (Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae))

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Venomous Animals and antivenom production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal science and Food Technology, Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Research and Development Institute of Khuzestan Sugarcane Industry, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Polyphagous Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of sugarcane in Khuzestan province. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity effects of Hottentotta Saulcyi scorpion venom on S. nonagrioides using three methods; orally, microinjection and spraying through skin contact. After the venom collection and measuring the protein content of the venom, different venom doses were prepared. larvae were injected with five doses of venom (0.15µg, 0.35µg, 0.5µg, 0.75µg and 1µg; fifteen larvae per each dose) and the mortality percentage were recorded during the experiment. Finally, lethal doses (LD50 and LD100) and toxicity unit (TU) were calculated using Probit analysis. According to the results, S. nonagrioides was affected by the toxicity of scorpion venom. LD50, LD100 and TU values for stem borer larvae at 24h was obtained 0.96, 2.23 µg/mg and 104.17 respectively. This study demonstrated that injection of H. Saulcyi venom immediately causes locomotive paralysis and then death in all larvae injected by high doses of scorpion venom (1µg and 0.75µg) after 48h. The effect of orally and spraying through skin contact administration of different doses of scorpion venom in stem borer mortality were not statically significant. The results of this study indicated that the scorpion venom was effective in the injection method while larvae showed resistance to spraying and oral administration of the venom.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Bocquené, G., Carbamates and Galgani, F., 1998. Biological effects of contaminants: Cholinesterase inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate compounds. Copenhagen,, Denmark: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
2. Boyer, L.V., Theodorou, A.A., Berg, R.A., Mallie, J., Chávez-Méndez, A., García-Ubbelohde, W., Hardiman, S., Alagón, A., 2009. Antivenom for critically ill children with neurotoxicity from scorpion stings. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(20), pp.2090-2098.
3. CCME., 1999. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines. Canada: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
4. Chen, C.X., Chen, J.Y., Kou, J.Q., Xu, Y.L., Wang, S.Z., Zhu, Q., Yang, L., Qin, Z.H., 2015. Suppression of inflammation and arthritis by orally administrated cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015.
5. Dhawan, R., Joseph, S., Sethi, A. and Lala, A.K., 2002. Purification and characterization of a short insect toxin from the venom of the scorpion Buthus tamulus. FEBS letters, 528(1-3), pp.261-266.
6. Eitan, M., Fowler, E., Herrmann, R., Duval, A., Pelhate, M., Zlotkin, E., 1990. A scorpion venom neurotoxin paralytic to insects that affects sodium current inactivation: Purification, primary structure, and mode of action. Biochemistry, 29(25), 5941-5947.
7. Giorgi, R., Bernardi, M., Cury, Y., 1993. Analgesic effect evoked by low molecular weight substances extracted from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Toxicon; 31(10):1257-65.
8. Gordon, D., 1997. “A new approach to insect-pest control— combination of neurotoxins interacting with voltage sensitive sodium channels to increase selectivity and specificity,” Invertebrate Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 2-3, pp. 103–116.
9. Gurevitz, M., Zilberberg, N., Froy, O., Urbach, D., Zlotkin, E., Hammock, B.D., Hermann, H., Moskowitz, H., Chejanovsky, N., 1997. Utilization of scorpion insecticidal neurotoxins and baculoviruses for the design of novel selective biopesticides. In Modern agriculture and the environment (pp. 81-96): Springer.
10. Halabian, A.H., Cheraghi, S., Cheraghi, S., Pourreza, J., 2013. Performance evaluation of biological control of sugarcane stem borers wasp (Telenomus busseolae). World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(12), 1770-1775.
11. Hassan, F., 1984. Production of scorpion antivenom. In: Tu AT. (ed.). Handbook of Natural Toxins. Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 577–605.
12. Hosseini, Z., Khosravi, M., Ghorbanpoor, M., Mayahi, M., 2017. Oral Absorption of Mesobuthus eupeus Scorpion Venom in Mice. Iranian Journal of Toxicology Volume, 11(2).
13. Karataş, A., Karataş, A., 2003. Mesobuthus eupeus (Cl Koch, 1839)(scorpiones: Buthidae) in turkey. Euscorpius, 2003(7), 1-6.
14. Khosravi M, Mayahi M, Jalali SM, Hosseini Z, Taghavi-Moghadam A, Hadinasab H., 2015. The resistance of mice and poultry to oral administration of scorpion venom. National congress of veterinary medicine in the service of community health and animal hygiene.
15. Khosravi, M., Mayahi, M., Jalali, S., Rezaie, A., Moghadam, A., Hosseini, Z., Barzegar, S.K., Azadmanesh, S., 2017. Effects of experimental mesobuthus eupeus scorpion envenomation on chicken. Archives of Razi Institute, 72(1), 23-31.
16. Lazarovici, P., Yanai, P., Pelhate, M. and Zlotkin, E., 1982. Insect toxic component from the venom of a chactoid scorpion, Scorpio maurus palmatus (Scorpionidae). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257(14), pp.8397-8404.
17. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall R.J., 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of biological Chemistry 193(1): 265-275.
18. Manzoli-Palma, M., Gobbi, N., Palma, M., 2003. Insects as biological models to assay spider and scorpion venom toxicity. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 9(2), 174-185.
19. Mebs, D., 2002. “Scorpions and snakes, such as cobras, mambas and vipers made the African continent famous for venomous animals,” Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, vol. 95, no. 3, p. 131.
20. Mebs, D., 2002. Scorpions and snakes, such as cobras, mambas and vipers made the African continent famous for venomous animals. Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 95(3), p.131.
21. Mikaelian A., 2012. Polarized scorpion venom solution and a method for making polarized scorpion venom solution. Google Patents.
22. Mouhat, S., Jouirou, B., Mosbah, A., De Waard, M., Sabatier, J. M., 2004. Diversity of folds in animal toxins acting on ion channels. Biochemical Journal, 378(3), 717-726.
23. Ortego, F., Ruı́z, M., Castanera, P., 1998. Effect of dimboa on growth and digestive physiology of Sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of insect physiology, 44(2), 95-101.
24. Padilla, A., T. Govezensky, L. D. Possani, C. Larralde., 2003. Experimental envenoming of mice with venom from the scorpion Centruroides limpidus limpidus: differences in mortality and symptoms with and without antibody therapy relating to differences in age, sex and strain of mouse. Toxicon 41, 959-965.
25. Petricevich, V.L., 2010. Scorpion venom and the inflammatory response. Mediators of inflammation.
26. Van der Valk, T. and van der Meijden, A., 2014. Toxicity of scorpion venom in chick embryo and mealworm assay depending on the use of the soluble fraction versus the whole venom. Toxicon, 88, pp.38-43.
27. Zacharia, J.T., 2011. Ecological Effects of Pesticides, Pesticides in the Modern World-Risks and Benefits, Dr. Margarita Stoytcheva (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-458-0, InTech.
Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Volume 32, Issue 2
July 2019
Pages 66-74

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 May 2018
  • Revise Date: 11 September 2018
  • Accept Date: 07 November 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics