The effect of bacterial inoculant on the histology of japanese quail jejunum under protein-deficient diets

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Urmia university, Urmia, Iran.

2 Department of Veterinary Medicine,Urmia, Iran.

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Abureihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

After discovery of the harmful effects of antibiotics on health of poultry flocks and humans efforts in using alternative materials increased. Some of the most appropriate materials known and used are prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in Histomorphometry parameters of jejunum, as the main location of food absorption, in the Japanese quail. The effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in jejunum was studied using a 2×4 factorial experiment with two levels of protein (recommended and 10% less than requirements) and four treatments of additives (without additives, probiotic Gallipro, prebiotic Technomos and a mixture of them in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates and 25 birds per replicate). Results indicated a significant increase in villus height:crypt depth ratio in groups nourished with protein deficiency (P<0.05). Villus height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of birds fed with a diet containing the recommended protein and synbiotic was higher than other bird (P<0.05). The number of goblet cells in the low-protein diet significantly increased compared with the normal diet (P<0.05). The thickness of muscle in the low-protein diet without additives, showed a significant increase (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in other parameters. Results showed that use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in diets with protein deficiency can improve intestinal absorption with improvement of histomorphometric parameters of intestinal jejunum.

Keywords


1. Adibmoradi, M., B. Navidshad., J. Seifdavati and M. Royan. 2007. Effect of dietary garlic meal on histological structure of small intestine in broiler chickens. Journal of Poultry Science 43: 378–383.
2. Ai, Q., H. Xu., K. Mai., W. Xu., J. Wang and W. Zhang. 2011. Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosccharide on growth performance, survival, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile Large Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture 317:155–161.
3. Angel, C.R. 1991. Long segment filamentous organism observed in poults experimentally infected with stunting syndrome agent. Avian Diseases 34: 994-1001.
4. Baurhoo, B., L. Phillip and C.A. Ruiz-Feria. 2007. Effect of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86: 1070-1078.
5. Bayer, R.C. 1975. Cahractristics of the absorptive surface of the small intestine of chicks. Poultry Science 54: 155-169.
6. Blomberg, L., H.C. Krivan., P.S. Cohen and P.L. Conway. 1993. Piglet ileal mucus protein and glycolipid (galactosylceramide) receptors specific for Escherichia coli K88 fimbriae. Infection and Immunity. 61: 2526–2531.
7. Brumel, J.H and B.B. Finlay. 2000. Bacterial adherence, colonization, and invasion of mucosal surfaces. In Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens. In: Brogden, K.A, Roth, J.A., Stanton, T.B., Bolin, C.A., Minion, F.C., Wannemuehler, M.J. (Eds), ASM Press, Washington DC, pp. 3-17.
8. Choudhury, K., J. Das., S. Saikia., S. Sengupta and S.K. Choudhury. 1998. Supplementation of broiler diets with antibiotic and probiotic fed muga silk worm pupae meal. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 33: 339-342.
9. Collins, J.K., G.C. O'sullivan., G.M. Thornton and M.M.G. O'sullivan. 2007. Probiotic strains from Lactobacillus salivarius and antimicrobial agents obtained there from. United States Patent 7: 65-45.
10. Gunal, M., G. Yayli., N. Kaya and O. Sulak. 2006. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 5: 149-155.
11. Hampson, D.J. 1986. Alteration in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Research in Veterinary Science 40: 19-40.
12. Jin, L.Z., Y.W. Ho., A. Norhani and S. Jalaludin. 1996. Probiotics in poultry: modes of action. World's poultry Science Journal, 53 (4): 251-268.
13. Leeson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2008. Protein and amino acids in Scott's Nutrition of the Chicken Dietary selfselectionby turkeys. Poultry Science 57: 1579-1585.
14. Mehdizadeh, S.M., H. Lotfolahian., S.A. Mirhadi and S.A. Hosseini. 2009. Effect of probiotic on morphology of digestive system and immune system in broiler chicks. Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi) 88: 27-33.
15. Miles A., A. Polychronis and J.E. Grey. 2006. The evidence-based healthcare debate – 2006. Where are we now. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 12: 239– 247.
16. Oliveira, M.C., E.A. Rodrigues., R.H. Marques., R.A. Gravena., G.C. Guandolini and V.M.B. Moraes. 2008. Performance and morphology of intestinal mucosa of broilers fed mannan- ligosaccharides and enzymes. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 60: 442-448.
17. Ouwehand, A.C., M. Derrien., W. de-Vos., K. Tiihonen and N. Rautonen. 2005. Prebiotics and other microbial substrates for gut functionality. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 16: 212–217.
18. Patterson, J.A. and K.M. Burkholder. 2003. Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Poultry Production. Poultry Science 82: 627–631.
19. Roberfroid, M.B. 2001. Prebiotic: preferential substrates for specific germs? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73: 406-409.
20. Sandikci, M., U. Eren., A.G. Onol and S. Kum .2004. The effect of heat stress and the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or (and) bacitracun zinc against heat stress on the intestinal mucosa in quails. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 155: 552-556.
21. Sissons, J.W. 1989. Potential of probiotic organisms to prevent diarrhea and promote digestion in farm animal: a review. Journal of Food and Agicultural Science 49: 1-13.
22. Tarasewicz, F., M. Ligocki., D. Szczerbinska, D. Majewska and A. Danaczak. 2006. Different level of crude protein and energy-protein ratio in adult quail diets. Archiv Tierzucht 49: 325-331.
23. Vali, N. 2009. Principles of quail farming. First edition, publisher: samane danesh (In persian).
24. Visek, W.J. 1978. The mode of growth promotion by antibiotics. Journal of Animal Science 46:1447–1469.