Spatial patterns and clusters analysis of avian influenza H9N2 sub type in backyard poultry- 2014 and 2015

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Razi vaccine and Serum Resaerch Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Food Hygiene & Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Poultry Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.

4 Departmentof Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

5 Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization. Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

AI H9N2 subtype is endemic in Iran and every year causing huge losses to the poultry industry of the country. Backyard poultry could spread the virus to commercial poultry as reservoirs and vectors of AI viruses. Identify areas of high risk for the disease using spatial analyzes can be effective in prevention and control programs. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design from September to December in 2014 and 2015. Sampling was taken from backyard poultry of villages that registered in Iranian veterinary organization database (GIS). All samples were examined using HI-H9N2 test according to the IVO protocol. In 2014 a total of 397 villages and 11546 birds were sampled. 341 (86%) villages and 4517 (39%) birds were positive on the HI test. In 2015 a total of 329 villages and 8901 birds were sampled. 286 (86.9%) villages and 2771 (31.1%) birds were positive on the HI test. The results of this study indicate that the village level prevalence is high but bird level prevalence is low. Given that, there are spatial database in IVO (GIS) and all diseases data including avian influenza surveillance data are recording in this system, spatial analysis capabilities can be used to identify high risk areas of disease occurrence, and based on these findings, the planning should be done to control the disease in the country.

Keywords

References

1- Campitelli, L., Fabiani, C., Puzelli, L., Fioretti, E., Foni, E., De Marco, A., Krauss, S.,Webster, R. & Donatelli, I. 2002. H3N2 Influenza Viruses From Domestic Chickens In Italy: An Increasing Role For Chickens In The Ecology Of Influenza. Journal of General Virology. 83: 413-420.
2- Durr, P. Catrell, A. Gis And Spatial Analysis In Veterinary Science, 2004, 2nd Edition, CABI Publishing, pp: 119-14.
3- EC, 2010. Commission Decision 2011/367/EU of 25 June 2010 on the implementation by Member States of surveillance programs for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds, Official J. of the European Union. L 166, 1.7.2010, p.7.
4- Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Bahonar A.R., Tehrani, F., Vasfimarandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Ghafouri, S.A., Meshkat, M. and Masror, F., 2015. Avian Influenza H9N2 Seroepidemiological Survey In Rural Domestic Poultry Of Iran. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 10(4): 1-8.
5- Fallah Mehrabadi, M., Bahonar, A., Marandi, M. V., Sadrzadeh, A., Tehrani, F., & Salman, M. 2016. Sero-survey of Avian Influenza in backyard poultry and wild bird species in Iran-2014. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 128: 1-5.
6- Hadipour, M. M. 2011. Serological Evidence of Inter-Species Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry, Iran. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3(1): 29-32.
7- Hadipur, M. H., and Golchin, P.2011. Serosurvey Of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus During Respiratory Disease Outbreak In Broiler Flock In Dezful, Southern Iran. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine.14(1): 62-65.
8- Horimoto, T. & Kawaoka, Y., 2001. Pandemic Threat Posed By Avian Influenza A Viruses. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 14(1): 129–149.
9- Iglesias, I. Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Muñoz, M.J; Martínez, M; de la Torre A., 2011. Spatio-Temporal Model Of Avian Influenza Spread Risk. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 7: 104–109.
10- Joannis TM. C A Meseko, A T Oladokun, H G Ularamu, A N Egbuji, P Solomon, et al. 2008. Serologic And Virologic Surveillance Of Avian Influenza In Nigeria, 2006-7. EuroSurveill.13(42):pii=19007. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19007
11- Mesgari, A.2011. Spatial Statical Analysis Using Arcgis. First edition. Information and Communication Technology Organization Publishing of Tehran Municipality. Tehran. 20-65. (In persian).
12- Michael P. Ward, Tim E. Carpenter. 2000. Analysis Of Time±Space Clustering In Veterinary Epidemiology. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 43:225-237
13- OIE, 2015. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Chapter 2.3.4.OIE, Paris.1-23.
14- Poursafar, F., Karimi, V., Charkhkar, S., Ghalyanchilangroudi, A. and Maghsoodloo, H. 2012. Molocular Monitoring Of Avian Influenza Viruses In Domestic Ducks. A Provincial Srudy. Journal of Veterinary Research. 67(4): 345-351.
15- Saadat, Y. Seyed Ali Ghafouri., Farshad Tehrani., Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi. 2014. An active serological survey of antibodies to Newcastle disease and avian influenza (H9N2) viruses in the unvaccinated backyard poultry in Bushehr province, Iran, 2012–2013. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 4: S213-S216.
16- Salman, M.D., 2003.  Animal Disease Surveillance and Survey Systems, Methods and Applications. First Edition, Blackwell Publishing.47-67.
17- Shekaili, T. AL. Clough, H. Ganapathy,K. Baylis, M. 2015. Sero-Surveillance And Risk Factors For Avian Influenza And Newcastledisease Virus In Backyard Poultry In Oman. Preventive Veterinary Medicine.122(1-2):145-153
18- Vasfi Marandi, M., Bozorg Mehrifard, M. H., Hasani Tabatabaei, A. A. M., Kerdabadi, M., Charkhkar, S., and Farahmandi, M. 2000. Serological Monitoring Of Haemaglotination Inhibition Antibodies In A Multi Aged Layer Farm following Avian Influenza Outbreak Due To H9N2 Sub-Serotype In 1998 In Iran. Journal of Veterinary Research. 55(3): 73-81. 
19- Wang, Si. Y., Skidmore, T.  A. K., De Boer, W. F., Li, L., Prins, H. H. T. 2010. Environmental Factors Influencing The Spread Of The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus In Wild Birds In Europe. Ecology and Society 15(3): 26. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss3/art26.
 
Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Volume 30, Issue 1
March 2017
Pages 2-13

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 28 February 2016
  • Revise Date: 28 March 2016
  • Accept Date: 28 March 2016

Share

How to cite

Statistics