Accumulation and distribution of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites in various tissues of golden jackal, Canis aureus

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Young researchers and Elite Club, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad Universty, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Member of scientific board of Tarbiat Modares University.

3 Ph.D. Student of Environment, Tarbiat Modares University.

Abstract

In this study, the concentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites including, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT were determined in liver, kidney, muscle, fat and hair tissues in 21 golden jackal (Canis aureus) from Mazandaran province. Analyses were carried out by Gas Chromatography - Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The metabolite o, p'-DDE showed the highest concentration (83%) in all tissues. DDE/DDT ratios showed that DDTs have not recently been used in the area. Generally lower concentration of DDTs is not enough to cause harmful effects in animals. This investigation may be a basis for future studies on other mammals in Iran.

Keywords


1 - Allen-Gil, S.M., D.H. Landers, T.L. Wade, J.L. Sericano, B.K. Lasosa, E.A. Crecelius, and Curtis, L.R. (1997). Heavy metal, organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl contamination in Arctic Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus parryi) in Northern Alaska. Mamm. Biol, 50: 323–333.
2 - Corsolini, S., L. Burrini, S. Focardi, and Lovari, S. (2000). How can we use the red fox as a bioindicator of organochlorines?. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 39: 547-556.
3 - Corsolini, S., S. Focardi, C. Leonzio, S. Lovari, F. Monaci, and Romeo, G. (1999). Heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in the red fox in relation to some biological parameters. Environ . Monit. Assess, 54: 87-100.
4 - Covaci, A., and Schepens, P. (2001). Chromatographic aspects of the analysis of selected persistent organochlorine pollutants in human hair. Chromatographi., 53, 366-371.
5 - Covaci, A., J.J. Ryan, and Schepens, P. (2002). Patterns of PCBs and PCDD/PCDFs in chicken and pork fat following a Belgian food contamination incident. Chemosphere, 47: 207–217.
6- Dip, R.D. Hegglin, P. Deplazes, O. Dafflon, H. Koch, and Naegeli, H. (2003). Age- and sex- dependent distribution of persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes. Environ. Health Persp, 111(13): 1608-1613.
7 - Flatchen, T., and Muller, P. (2005). Investigations on the contamination of red fox (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) in the Saarland with chlorinated hydrocarbons, Z. Jagdwiss, 42: 214-225.
8 - Fuglei, E., J.O. Bustnes, H. Hop, T. Mørk, H. Bjornfoth, and Van Bavel, B. (2007). Environmental contaminants in Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Svalbard: relationships with feeding ecology and body condition. Environ. Pollut, 146: 128-138.
9 - Gamberg, M., and Braune, B. M. (1999). Contaminant residue levels in arctic wolves (Canis lupus) from the Yukon territory, Canada. Sci. Total. Environ, 243/244: 329-338.
10 - Gonzalez-Barros, S. T.C., M.E. Alvarez-Piñeiro, J. Simal-Lozano, and Lage-Yusty, M. A. (2000). Organochlorine pesticides in Wolves from Galicia. Ecotoxicol . Environ. Safe, 45: 247- 252.
11 - Gonzalez-Barros, S.T.C., M.E. Alvarez-Piñeiro, J. Simal-Lozano, and Lage-Yusty, M.A. (1998). Organochlorine residues in wolves’ Viscera from Galicia (Northwest Spain). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 60: 709-715.