Determination of some heavy metals in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fillet from south Caspian Sea

Editorial

Author

Academic Member, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University-North Tehran Branch,Tehran,Iran

Abstract

In this study, levels of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Mercury heavy metals, which are required by the WHO and The UNFAO to be determined in sea food, were evaluated using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy technique, in tissues of two commonly consumed fish in Iran namely Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio collected from the south coastline of the Caspian Sea. The average concentration of  Cd , Pb , As and Hg, were detected as (μg g-1) dry weight of Rutilus frisii kutum’s tissues : 1.21 0.30, 2.57 1.31, 0.15 0.08 and 0.34 0.01 respectively. These values for Cyprinus carpio were detected as : 1.35 0.40, 2.49 0.20, 0.30 0.03 and 0.30 0.01 (Mean Standard Error). These values were compared with the WHO and the UNFAO safety standards regarding the amount of the above mentioned heavy metals in fish tissues. Based on the results of this study, the concentration of Cadmium and Lead in the studied fish tissues proved to be much higher than international standards with a reliability of P<0.05. The results show that the pollution in the water of this region are because of these heavy elements.

1- خدابنده،  ص.، طلایی، ر. و قیومی. ر. (1379) تجمع فلزات سنگین در رسوبات و آبزیان دریای خزر. مجله آب و فاضلاب، شماره 39، صفحات 42-38.##
2- دایره المعارف ایمنی و بهداشت، سازمان بین المللی کار.، (1380) ترجمه معاونت تنظیم روابط کار. انتشارات وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی. جلد سوم، صفحات 2939-2932.##
3- شهریاری، ع.، (1384) بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم، کروم، سرب و نیکل در دو گونه از ماهیان دریایی سرخو و شوریده خلیج فارس در سال 1382. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشگی گرگان، دوره 7، شماره 2، صفحات67-65.##
4- صادقی راد، م،. امینی رنجبر، غ. جوشیده، ه. و ارشد. ع. (1384) مقایسه تجمع فلزات سنگین (روی، مس، کادمیم، سرب و جیوه)در بافت عضله و خاویار دوگونه تاسماهی ایرانی و ازون برون حوضه جنوبی دریای خزر. مجله علمی شیلات ایران، سال 14، شماره 3 صفحات 100-79.##
5- قنادی، م.، (1387) ‌نگرانی های زیست محیطی جهانی درقرن 21. نشریه ی آب و محیط زیست. شماره 69، صفحات 12-3.##
6- میرسنجری، م.، غلامی، ز. و نگهبان. م. (1380) بررسی اثرات آلودگی فلزات سنگین(جیوه و سرب) بر روی آبزیان دریای مازندران. چهارمین همایش کشوری بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشگی یزد، صفحات 745-736.##
7- ناصری، م.، رضایی، م. عابدی، ع. و اعظم افشار. ن. (1384) سنجش مقادیر برخی عناصر سنگین (آهن، مس، روی، منیزیم، منگنز، جیوه، سرب و کادمیم) در بافتهای خوراکی و غیر خوراکی ماهی کفال پشت سبز (Liza dussumieri) سواحل بوشهر. مجله علوم دریایی ایران، دوره 4، شماره 3 و4، صفحات 67-59.##
8- نوذری، م. (1384) اندازه گیری و مقایسه غلظت جیوه در اندام های مختلف اردک ماهی(Lucius esox) در تالاب انزلی. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد. گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 113 صفحه. ##
9- Al-Kahtani, M.(2009). Accumulation of heavy metals in tilapia fish from Al_Khadoud spring, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol,6, No, 12, pp: 2024- 2029.##
10- Anderson, K.A. and Meyers, R.A.(2000). Mercury analysis in environmental samples by cold vapor techniques, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chichester, pp: 2890-2903.##
11- Baldwin, D. R. and Marshall, W. J.(1999). Heavy metal poisoning and its laboratory investigation, Ann. Clin. Biochem, Vol, 36, pp: 267-300.##
12- Berman, S.(1990). Fourth Round Intercom parson for trace metals in marine sediments and biological tissues(NOAA/BT4), Canada.##
13- Blevins, D.R. and Oscar, C.(1986). Metal concentrations in muscle of fish from aquatic systems in U.S.A. water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol, 29, No, 4, pp: 361-371.##
14- Brayan, G.W.(1976) Heavy metal contamination in the sea, In: Johnston R, (ed) Marine pollution, Academic press, London, p: 729.##
15- Bundy, R.(1996). Legal aspects of protecting the environment of the caspian sea. Review of  European Community & International Environmental Law, Vol, 5, pp: 122-129.##
16- Burrows, I.G. and Whitton, B.A. (1983) Heavy metals in water, sediments and invertebrates from a metal contaminated river free of organic pollution. Hydrobiologia, Vol, 106, No, 3, pp: 263-273.##
17- Chunchen, YI. and Hsienchen, M. (2001). Heavy Metal concentrations in Nine Species of  Fishes Caught in Coastal water off Ann- Ping, S.W. Taiwan. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol, 9, No, 2, pp: 107-114.##
18- Cunningham, A. Smith, S.L. Trippett, J.P. and Greene, A. (1994) A national fish consumption advisory data  Base: A step toward consistency. Fisheries, Vol,19, pp: 14-23.##
19- Elsagh, A. Mollaie, M. and Messbah, A. (2009) Cadmium pollution study on the surface in the Bandar Abbas shore line. The 4th national conference of Geology and Environment,   Islamic Azad University, Eslamshahr Branch, p: 121.##
20- Elsagh, A. and Rabani, M.(2010) Determination of heavy metals in salt from filtration with water washing method and comparing with standard. 2nd Iranian Congress for Trace Elements, p: 5.##
21- Elsagh, A. and Rabani, M.(2010) Determination of heavy metals like Ni, Cr, Mn and Co in salt that getting from infiltration with water washing method and comparing with impure salt.The National Chemistry Conference, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, p: 373.##
22- Gharib, A.G. and Ahmadiniar, A. (2003) Determination of essential major and trace elements in daily diets by comparative methodologies and alterations. Trace Elements in Medicin E, Vol, 1, pp: 43-53.##
23- Harakeh, S. Sabra, N. Kassak, K. Doughan, B. and sukhan, C.(2003) Mercury and arsenic levels among Lebanese dentists: A call for action. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol,70, pp: 629-635.##
24- Irwandi, J. and Farida, O.(2009) Mineral and heavy metal contents of marine fin fish in Langkawi island, Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, Vol,16, pp: 105-112. Official method of Analysis of the Association of official Analytical chemists. (1980) Atomic absorption method o fish. 13th ed.##
25- Pourang, N. Nikouyan, A. and Dennis, J.H.(2005) Trace element concentrations in  fish, surficial sediments and water from northern part of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol,109, pp: 293-316.##
26- Roger, N.R. (1994) John wiley and sons, New York. Environmental Analysis. U.S.A, p: 263.
Sansoni, B. and Lyengar, V.(1978). Sampling and sample preparation methods for the analysis of trace elements in biological material KFA. Germany.##
27- Staniskiene , B. and Matusevicius, P.(2006) Distribution of heavy metals in tissues of freshwater fish in Lithuania. Polish of Environ stud, Vol,15, No,4, pp: 585-591.##
28- Ubalua, A.O. and Chijioke, U.C. (2007) Determination and assessment of heavy metal content in Fish and shellfish in AbaRiver, Abia State, Nigeria. Kmitl Sci.Tech.J.l, Vol, 7, pp: 16-23.   ##
29- World health organization. Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases, Report of joint ##
30- WHO/FAO expert consultation.(1987) Setting environmental Standards guidelines for decision making. Geneva.##

31- World health organization. WHO, Technical report series.(1980). Health-based limits in occupational exposure to heavy metals ##