Morphologic and morphometric study of digestive tract and accessory glands of Cyprinus carpio

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

1 Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology PhD student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural and Natural Resources University Sari, Iran

4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Aquaculture of the carps is important economically and common carps play an important role in this field. Since no thorough studies have been undertaken regarding the digestive tract and accessory glands of common carps, studying the morphologic and morphometric aspects of these structures is of great value. For this purpose, 30 female common carps with the average weight of 3.5 kilograms were bought from a private fish culture center and after the topographic study of the digestive tract, liver, pancreas and morphometric study of the digestive tract, the needed samples were taken and put in 10% formalin solution. The next step was precise macroscopic evaluation of the digestive tract with loop. For the purpose of measuring the diameters of lumens and thickness of digestive tract’s wall, a digital caliper was used. The results were analyzed with SPSS 16 software using Pair sample T. The topographic studies showed significant differences between carps and other species. A sphincter like narrowing between the esophagus and the intestine was observed. The inner surface of the intestine was network like which was irregular in cloaca. The results showed that the diameter of the digestive tract changes significantly from the esophagus to the end (p<0.05). As in other species of carps, the intestines can be generally divided into two parts. The study also indicated that the liver consists of two main lobes of right and left that are associated with pancreas. Change in the diet can lead to structural change or sometimes length change in the fish digestive tract. The results of this study therefore, can be used as the basic anatomical knowledge in this species.

Keywords


1. زهتاب ور، ا، طوطیان، ز، کرامت امیرکلایی، ا، داودی پور، س و شادی مزدقانی، م، (1390) کالبدشناسی لوله گوارش کپور علف خوار (Ctenopharyngodon idella). نشریه دامپزشکی پژوهش و سازندگی. جلد24. شماره4. صفحه 51-45.

2. Abaurrea, M.A., Nuñez, M.I. and Ostos, M.V. (1993). Ultrastructural study of the distal part of the intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Absorption of dietary protein. Micron. 24(5): 445-450.
3. Baeverfjord, G. And Krogdahl, A. (1996). Development and regression of soybean meal induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., distal intestine: a comparison with the intestines of fasted fish. J Fish Dis. 19(5): 375-387.
4. Balon, E.K. (2004). About the oldest domesticates among fishes. J. Fish Biol. 65: 1–27.
5. Barbieri, G., Peret, A.C. and Verani, J.R. (1994). Notas sobre a adaptação do trato digestivo ao regime alimentar em espécies de peixes da região de São Carlos (SP) I. Quociente intestinal. Rev. Brasil. Biol . 54:63-69.
6. Becker, A. G. Gonçalves, J.F. Garcia, L.O. Behr, E.R. Graça, D.L. Filho, M.K. Martins, T. and Baldisserotto, B. (2010). Morphometric parameters comparisons of the digestive tract of four teleosts with different feeding habits. Cienc. Rural. 40 (4): 862-866.
7. Bond, C.E. (1997). Biology of fishes. (1th ed.) Sunders College Publishing. USA. pp. 33-41.
8. Buddington, R.K. and Diamond, J.M. (1987). Pyloric caeca of fish, a "new" absorptive organ. Am. J. Physiol. 252(1): 65-76.
9. Carter, C.C. and Hestand, R.S. (1979). Taxonomic Characteristics of Aquatic Plants from the Alimentary Tract of Grass Carp. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 17: 49-53.
10. Dabrowski, K. and Kaushik, S.J. (1985). Rearing of coregonid (Coregonus schinzi palea Cuv. et Val.) larvae using dry and live food. III Growth of fish and developmental characteristics related to nutrition. Aquacult. 48(2): 123-135.
11. Das, K.M. and Tripathi, S.D. (1991). Studies on the digestive enzymes of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.). Aquacult. 92: 21-32.
12. Escaffre, A. M., Kaushik, S. and Mambrini, M. (2007). Morphometric evaluation of changes in the digestive tract of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) due to fish meal replacement with soy protein concentrate. Aquacult. 273(1): 127–138.
13. Fugi, R. Agostinho A.A. and Hahn N.S. (2001). Trophic morphology of five benthic-feeding fish species of a tropical floodplain. Braz. J. Biol. 61(1): 27-33.
14. Ingh, T.S.G. Olli, J.J. and Krogdahl, A. (1996). Alcohol-soluble components in soybeans cause morphological changes in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. J Fish Dis. 19: 47-53.
15. Junger, H. Kotrschal, K. and Goldschmid, A. (1989). Comparative morphology and ecomorphology of the gut in European cyprinids (Telostei) . J. Fish Biol. 34(2): 315-326.
16. Kapoor, B.G., (2004). Ichthyology handbook. (1th ed.). Narosa Publishing House. India. pp. 169-223.
17. Kapoor, H.S. and Verghira I.A. (1975). The alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts. In: RUSSEL, F.S.; YONGE, C.M. Advances in marine biology. Advan. Marine Biol. 13:109-239.
18. Khan, M. S. Khan, S.A. Chaudhary, Z.I. Khan, M.N. Aslam, A. Ashraf, K. Ayyub, R.M. and Rai, M.F. (2004). Mercury intoxication in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Pak. Vet. J. 24(1): 33-38.
19. Kilambi, R. V. and Zdinak, A. (1981). Comparison of early developmental stages and adults of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and hybrid carp (female grass carp × male bighead Aristichthys nobilis). J. Fish Biol. 19(4): 457–465.
20. Kirkl, J. P. and Socha, R. C. (2003). Longevity and Persistence of Triploid Grass Carp Stocked into the Santee Cooper Reservoirs of South Carolina. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 41: 90-92.
21. Morgans, L. and Heidt, G.A. (1974). Microscopic Anatomy of the Digestive Tract of the White Amur, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXVIII. 28: 47-49.
22. Noaillac-Depeyre, J. and Gas, N. (1974). Fat absorption by the enterocytes of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Cell & Tissue Research. 155(3): 353-365.
23. Smith, B.J. Smith, S.A. Tengjaroenkul, B. and Lawrence, T. A. (2000). Gross Morphology and Topography of the Adult Intestinal Tract of the Tilapian Fish, Oreochromis niloticus L. Cells Tissues Organs.166(3): 294-303.
24. Noga, E.J. (1993). Fish medicine. (1th ed.). W.B. Sunders Company. USA. pp: 441-449.
25. Trevisan, P. (1979). Histomorphological and histochemical researches on the digestive tract of the freshwater grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (cypriniformes). Anat Anz. 145(3): 237-248.
26. Ward-Campbell, B.M.S. Beamish, F.W.H. and Kongchaiya C. (2005). Morphological characteristics in relation to diet in five coexisting Thai fish species. J. Fish Biol. 67(5):1266-1279.
27. Wells, R.D.S., Bannon, H.J. and Hicks, B.J. (2003). Control of macrophytes by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in a Waikato drain, New Zealand. New Zeal J Mar Freshwat Res. 37: 85–93.